The values refer to the extent to which the formulations readily spread on the application surface by applying a small amount of shear. The spreadability accessory quantifies the spreadability of samples. The diameter of the circle after spreading of the gel was . (PDF) FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF MOISTURIZING CREAM - ResearchGate 13811382, 2010. The results were . The test methods are similar to spreadability in that the compression test mode is used. 2, pp. An update from the Infectious Diseases Society of America, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol. Spreadability values for the selected cream (C1) and gels (G1 and G5) compared to various marketed products (n=3, results shown as mean SD). Only two polymers, namely, carrageenan and HPMC, proved to be optimal gelling agents for the metallic active ingredients used. Data Set #1: Sample A ( Premium Moisturizing Cream) Data Set #2: Sample B ( Budget Moisturizing Cream ) Figure II. The final in vitro antimicrobial study was performed to compare the antibacterial activity of the selected formulations to those of marketed products against E. coli and S. aureus. The results obtained in the present investigation are only directional in view and further investigation can be made on this basis to get additional data and information about the Benincasa fruit, and combined effects of various botanical extracts can also be studied on skin renewal. Measuring Moisturising Cream Spreadability Brookfield Labs Then, instrumentation can easily verify that production batches satisfy this requirement. Spreadability values for the selected cream (C1) and gels (G1 and G5) Incorporating metal ions such as zinc and copper often creates a formulation challenge due to the high reactivity of these ions. 1, pp. Formulations C5C20 suffered from such issues; therefore, they were discontinued from further characterization. After removing the outer layer and the seeds, the fruit pulp was dried at temperature not exceeding 60C using a tray dryer. In the light of this information, the present study was carried out to formulate a cream and evaluate the antiageing potential of Benincasa hispida fruit extract. Determination of pH 5. The antimicrobial properties of zinc sulfate and copper sulfate are well known and have been investigated for many years. Department of Pharmaceutics, Baroda College of Pharmacy, Vadodara, Gujarat, India, 1Department of Pharmaceutics, Parul Institute of Pharmacy, Vadodara, Gujarat, India, 2Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, The M.S. M. J. Miller and F. Malouin, Microbial iron chelators as drug delivery agents: the rational design and synthesis of siderophore-drug conjugates, Accounts of Chemical Research, vol. Composition of the topical gel formulations. Results. Gentamicin 10g standard disc was used as the control in the study. A Brookfield viscometer DV-I (Brookfield Engineering Laboratories, Middleboro, MA) was used with a concentric cylinder spindle #29 to determine the viscosity of the different topical formulations. Thus, earlier testing by human panels establish limits for acceptable application force ranges. Dong MY, Lumz Yin QH, Feng WM, Xu JX, Xu WM. Saponification value & Acid value (If oily base is used). PDF Determine Viscoelasticity and Spreadability of Cream Cheese of ml of 0.1 N KOH solution.w = the weight of substance in gram. Cream cheese spreadability was measured using 2 different methods: First, a shear flow test was setup from a shear rate of 0.001 1/s to 10 1/s. 14181421, 2007. 363, no. Each batch was subjected to replicate (n = 3) testing and the average spreadability calculated by determining to establish the area covered by the cream. Zinc sulfate crystals and then copper sulfate crystals, after complete dissolution, were dispersed into the gel with intensive agitation. The zones of inhibition increased as the concentration of copper sulfate and zinc sulfate increased. Spreadability of the formulations was determined by measuring the spreading diameter of 1g of sample between two horizontal glass plates (10cm 20cm) after one minute. It was checked for any visual disturbances and phase separation from time to time over a period of 1 month. Before Physical appearance 6. All blank formulations (i.e., formulations without any active ingredients or preservatives) and drug-loaded formulations were tested for physical appearance, color, texture, phase separation, and homogeneity. Part I. Anil Kumar D, Ramu P. Effect of methanolic extract of Benin-casa hispida against histamine and acetylcholine induced bron-chospasm in guniea pigs. Similarly, the physical appearance, homogeneity, and texture of all formulations remained the same by the end of the storage period. A major finding of this study is that copper sulfate and zinc sulfate have a synergistic antibacterial activity in creams and gels. Results. Precisely align the male and female cones by lowering the male cone and repositioning the female cone such that the male cone fits into the female cone. 9, no. A. Khorsheed, and A. Spreadability of semisolid formulations, that is, the ability of a cream or gel to evenly spread on the skin, plays an important role in the administration of a standard dose of a medicated formulation to the skin and the efficacy of a topical therapy. All ingredients used in the various formulations can be found in Tables 1 and 2. If you would like us to perform a profiling on your products or those of your competitors please dont hesitate to get in touch to discuss your needs or obtain a quotation. It is known that the larger the zone of inhibition, the more potent the antimicrobial agent. This demonstrates the various mechanical tests possible with one texture analyzer device and various fixtures. 2 is stable, without any changes of liquefaction and phase separation. Figure 1 shows the spreading values, that is, diameters observed for the formulations, after one minute. 5, no. J. J. Zeelie and T. J. McCarthy, Effects of copper and zinc ions on the germicidal properties of two popular pharmaceutical antiseptic agents cetylpyridinium chloride and povidone-iodine, Analyst, vol. Viscosity of creams can be determined by using. Similarly, on Days 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11, decline in fluorescence intensities of the investigational cream were found to be 62%, 51%, 35%, 25% and 12% as compared with 90%, 80%, 61%, 42% and 32% of the control (P-value = 0.0014, 0.0011, 0.0061, 0.0012 and 0.0013). PMID: 28371727 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.03.028 Abstract The study focuses on the impact of structural and physicochemical properties of emollients on their spreadability. 154, no. The second antibacterial study indicated that both zinc sulfate and copper sulfate have to be present in at least a 3% concentration in order to achieve similar or better results against the tested microorganisms than gentamicin, which was used as the control. To measure spreadability, a texture analyzer it utilizedthat incorporates a specialized spreadability test fixture. A texture analyzer with specified load cell was then used to perform the compression test described. 24, no. Bob McGregor, Eric Chiang and Chris Freeman, AMETEK Brookfield, Middleboro, MA. Advertisements Spreadability. Half kilogram of weight was permitted to rest on the upper glass plate for 5 min [19, 20]. D. B. Metal ion reactions with the ingredients in the formulations can affect the quality, efficacy, consumer appeal, and shelf-life of formulations. Perfume can tap into deep consumer emotions to elicit happiness or tranquility and help them through todays COVID-19 reality. Finally, the selected cream and gel formulations were directly compared to the marketed products, including Nexcare Cold Sore Treatment Cream, Campho-Phenique Cold Sore Treatment Gel, and Equate Diaper Rash Relief Cream, in terms of their antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. the mixture design was applied to optimize the cosmetic formula. 112, 2009. 52, no. Test for Evaluation of Cream | Pharmacy Notes Pharmaceutics, Pharmacy Notes Test For Evaluation of Cream 1. The Centre for Industrial Rheology performs physical testing of topical creams, ointments and lotions for assessing and demonstrating spreadability equivalence of generic and innovators pharmaceuticals. In this case, compression was measured 12 mm deep into the sample, with a trigger force of 10 g to begin data collection; the probe moved at a 1 mm/s travel rate to and from the sample, and a 4 mm/s rate while compressing the sample. Molecular basis of sun-induced premature skin ageing and retinoid antagonism. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Small scale production of cream cheese: A comparison of batch The cream was applied to the specified area and time was noted. In the study both the flow (i.e. The marketed products included Equate Diaper Rash Relief Cream (distributed by Walmart, Inc.), Nexcare Cold Sore Treatment Cream (distributed by 3M), and Campho-Phenique Cold Sore Treatment Gel (distributed by Bayer Health Care LLC), which were all purchased at a local Walmart store (Toledo, OH). Adhesive force (stickiness) is the force needed to overcome the attractive forces between the cream still in contact with the probe during withdrawal from the sample. For assessment of the thermal stability of Formula No. 46, no. Development and Evaluation of Stability of a Gel Formulation Containing Formulation and Evaluation of Antibacterial Creams and Gels - Hindawi cone sample holder. Regulatory bodies, such as the FDA, are increasingly asking for characterisation of rheological properties such as shear stress/shear rate relationships, yield stress and viscoelastic moduli such as storage, loss and complex modulus to support Q3 structural equivalence claims. Cutaneous ageing results due to exposure to chemicals, radiation and temperature in the surroundings. The probe then moves downward at a defined speed to compress, e.g., the face cream to a set distance. The mean differences for Days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 were found to be -7.667, -27.00, -30.00, -23.07, -17.00 and -18.07, respectively. Required fields are marked *. This indicates that A is more spreadable than sample B. Multi-Response Optimization in the Formulation of a Topical Cream from Test samples were taken in clean and dry 250 mL beakers, and the viscosity of a test sample was determined by the standard operating procedure for the Viscometer using spindle N 4. Decline in fluorescence intensity of the investigational cream was studied and noted on alternate days. Test for Evaluation of Cream | Pharmacy Notes | The Pharmapedia Place the base holder on to the base table and lock into position with the screws. Beyond skin care, as noted, additional fixtures enable measurements in, e.g., eye pencils, lipstick and hair combability. Texture analyzers, for example, use spreadability test fixtures to measure how much force is needed when applying or rubbing lotion or cream onto a surface. [2,3] Epidermis is a proliferating layer of the skin. PDF Topical and Transdermal Drug Products Human test panels play an essential role for evaluating the acceptability of new cosmetic formulations. the contents by NLM or the National Institutes of Health. The lower the viscosity of a cream, the lower the surface tension and the more the cream is easily spread and absorbed into the skin. [updated] Virtual Roundtable: Inclusive Design for Universal Beauty, Gabriela Daniels of the London College of Fashion will participate in a virtual roundtable chat on inclusive design for universal beauty during, Improve Your Haircare Formulations with Surface Zeta Potential Analysis. 5. Glossary, Indian medicinal plants with active principles. After incorporating the active ingredients into the bases, the physical stability of a number of bases was affected negatively by the metal ions, leading to creaming and breaking of the emulsions. 3, Article ID 035004, 2008. R. Gyawali and S. A. Ibrahim, Synergistic effect of copper and lactic acid against Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157: H7: a review, Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, vol. Out of these four samples, only G5 provided an optimal gel. Here, the measured force is negative because the cream adheres to the probe, resisting its movement out of the sample container. Half kilogram of weight was permitted to rest on the upper glass plate for 5 min . Results indicated that our cream and gels had comparable spreadability to that of commercial products used as comparators in the study. Conclusions. Copper sulfate pentahydrate was purchased from Fagron, Inc. (St. Paul, MN). The mixture was then cooled to room temperature and preserved with paraben concentrate. Zinc sulfate was found to have an antimicrobial effect in treating cold sores [14]. Coconut oil was purchased from Spectrum Organic Products, (Melville, NY). Control patches took 1517 days to disappear while the Benincasa fruit extract cream took 11 days to disappear, showing better skin-renewal activity. Saponification value & Acid value (If oily base is used) 8. Want to improve the formulations of your shampoos and conditioners? This range is not achievable on a simple spindle viscometer but with a high-performance rheometer viscosity / shear rate profiles such as that shown below can be performed: The results clearly show a divergence between the generic and the RLD at higher shear rates, with the former about 40% higher than the latter. The antibacterial activity of the formulations was compared for samples stored at room temperature (25C) and in the refrigerator (4C) as well as those packaged into glass containers versus plastic containers. Spreadability apparatus, Brookfield viscometer and Spectrofluorometer obtained from Horiba Jobin Yvon, Kyoto, Japan, were employed for the present study. As the probe moves into the sample holder, it measures the amount of force required to penetrate the surface of the cream. Crossmodal perception refers to responses and interpretations of various senses to a stimulus, offering product developers opportunities to create novel consumer experiences. Using Texture Analysis to Benchmark Cosmetic Quality The suspension was prepared before inoculating the microorganisms on the agar plate. 39 Various factors, including low and high temperatures, affect the spreadability coefficient of a topical formulation . . 6. 503507, 1998. G. Ren, D. Hu, E. W. C. Cheng, M. A. Vargas-Reus, P. Reip, and R. P. Allaker, Characterisation of copper oxide nanoparticles for antimicrobial applications, International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, vol. A properly planned and conducted in vitro follow-up study could confirm the antimicrobial activity of the formulations against other microorganisms, and a more realistic comparison could be made between our products and marketed products for various skin conditions. Determination of the spreadability of the cream formulations with and without calendula extract during the stability (CRBLRT - blank cream room temperature; CRBLO - blank cream oven; CRBLR - blank cream . 662668, 2000. 1, pp. . Table 2 shows the amount of ingredients used for the gels. PDF Formulation and Evaluation of Polyherbal Cream Diaper rash is a form of irritant contact dermatitis. S. J. S. Flora, Structural, chemical and biological aspects of antioxidants for strategies against metal and metalloid exposure, Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, vol. Fifty-three emollients, among which esters, silicones, vegetable and mineral oils, have been characterized. This indicated that the antibacterial activity of copper sulfate and zinc sulfate increased against E. coli and S. aureus as the concentration of the actives was increased. Antidiarrheal Evaluation of Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) 943946, 2000. Spreadability of semisolid formulations, that is, the ability of a cream or gel to evenly spread on the skin, plays an important role in the administration of a standard dose of a medicated formulation to the skin and the efficacy of a topical therapy. Pityriasis versicolor is a superficial fungal infection of the skin, usually caused by Malassezia species. However, the synergistic activity between these two metal ions as antimicrobial ingredients has not been evaluated in topical formulations. 8600 Rockville Pike Many of our formulations were affected by the metal ions, which resulted in precipitation, phase separation, color change, and other forms of instability. X. Pan, Y. Wang, Z. Chen et al., Investigation of antibacterial activity and related mechanism of a series of Nano-Mg(OH)2, ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, vol. The in vitro antibacterial study was performed by measuring and comparing the diameter of zones of inhibition (in mm) for the various products. A 5-kg load cell was used for the penetration test, whereas a 20-kg load cell was used for the spreadability test. Hardness of cream cheeses was determined by penetration and spreadability tests with a texture analyzer. B. Fleischer Jr., S. R. Feldman, and D. P. Krowchuk, Characterization of diaper dermatitis in the United States, Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, vol. By way of an example below is simple rheological comparison performed on two topical pharmaceutical creams, one the original reference listed drug and the other a low-cost generic alternative. The turbidity of the suspension was adjusted to a 0.5 McFarland standard by adding more microorganism if the suspension was too light or diluting with sterile saline if the suspension was too heavy. Objective. G. S. Liptak, Diaper rash, in Pediatric Primary Care, R. Hoekelman, H. M. Adam, N. M. Nelson et al., Eds., Mosby, Maryland Heights, Mo, USA, 2001. The authors would like to thank the various suppliers for providing samples of ingredients used in the study. These characteristics were evaluated by visual observation. 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E. van der Vries, F. F. Stelma, and C. A. The Centre for Industrial Rheology performs physical testing of topical creams, ointments and lotions for assessing and demonstrating spreadability equivalence of generic and innovator's pharmaceuticals. For this, salicylic acid cream was prepared by using Formula no. t-test was carried out for comparison between the mean number of days for removal of patches treated with the investigational cream and control [Table 4]. It consists of a set of matched male and female Perspex cones. Spreadability test . Water number is the maximum amount of water that can be added to 100 g of the base at a given temperature. After 24 h, the fluorescence intensity of these stained pieces was measured at 340 nm by a spectrofluoremeter at RSIC, Nagpur. 19 A small shear is required for a formulation to come out of a container having an optimum spreadability. After removing the outer layer and the seeds, the fruit pulp was dried. How to Measure Spreadability SPREADABILITY is the ease with which a product can be spread. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. In the case of G3 and G4, precipitation or aggregation of the polymers was observed when the active ingredients were added to the 5% HPMC gel.
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