[152], Translators title the fourteenth chapter as GunatrayaVibhaga yoga, Religion by Separation from the Qualities, The Forces of Evolution, or The Yoga of the Division of Three Gunas. [18][114][115] The chapter opens as a continuation of Krishna's teachings about selfless work and the personality of someone who has renounced the fruits that are found in chapter 5. 22: Cosmic Inheritance - Reciprocity & Selfless Action. [257], Liberation or moksha in Vedanta philosophy is not something that can be acquired. [268] The Wilkins translation had an introduction to the Gita by Warren Hastings. [405], Several terms redirect here. The Bhagavad-Gita is known as one of the most fundamental texts that form the basis of Hinduism, which has become one of the world's great religions. What Is the Bhagavad-gita? | Krishna.org by The Bhagavad Gita - a question of ethics The Bhagavad Gita is considered one of the keystone texts of Hindu religion and moral philosophy. [311], Ramanuja was a Hindu theologian, philosopher, and an exponent of the Sri Vaishnavism (Vishnu) tradition in 11th and early 12th century. but those who work without expecting reward [77][78][79] Desires, selfishness, and the craving for fruits can distort one from spiritual living. He wonders if fighting the war is "not so important after all" given Krishna's overview on the pursuit of spiritual wisdom. In this context, the Gita advises Arjuna to do his holy duty (sva-dharma) as a warrior; fight and kill. This "confidence trick" is problematic for Lal, who sees Arjuna's plight as a "painful and honest problem that Krishna should have faced on its own terms, painfully and honestly, and did not. Now I desire to see Your divine cosmic form, O Greatest of persons. This page was last edited on 22 June 2023, at 04:31. To Ambedkar, states Klausen, it is a text of "mostly barbaric, religious particularisms" offering "a defence of the kshatriya duty to make war and kill, the assertion that varna derives from birth rather than worth or aptitude, and the injunction to perform karma" neither perfunctorily nor egotistically. [31][32] According to Jeaneane Fowler, "the dating of the Gita varies considerably" and depends in part on whether one accepts it to be a part of the early versions of the Mahabharata, or a text that was inserted into the epic at a later date. [web 4]. He is advised by Krishna to do his sva-dharma, a term that has been variously interpreted. [292] R. Raghava Iyengar translated the Gita into Tamil in the sandam metre poetic form. [122] Krishna states that Arjuna has an obligation to understand and perform his duty (dharma), because everything is connected by the law of cause and effect. Bhagavad Gita: Cosmic play of God - Meditation is Easy.com Chapter 1: Arjuna Vishadayoga (47 verses), Chapter 4: Gyana Karma Sanyasayoga (42 verses), Chapter 6: Dhyanayoga (Aatmasamyamyoga) (47 verses), Chapter 8: Akshara Brahmayoga (28 verses), Chapter 9: Raja Vidya Raja Guhyayoga (34 verses), Chapter 11: Vishvarupa Darshanayoga (55 verses), Chapter 13: Kshetra Kshetragya Vibhagayoga (34 verses), Chapter 14: Gunatraya Vibhagayoga (27 verses), Chapter 16: Daivasura Sampad Vibhagayoga (24 verses), Chapter 17: Shraddhatraya Vibhagayoga (28 verses), Chapter 18: Moksha Sanyasayoga (78 verses), Krishna states that the body is impermanent and dies, never the immortal Self, the latter being either reborn or achieving, According to the Indologist and Sanskrit literature scholar. [394] Hindus have their own understanding of dharma that goes much beyond the Gita or any particular Hindu text. In the Gita, the Self of each human being is considered to be identical to every other human being and all beings, but it "does not support an identity with the Brahman", according to Fowler. Savarkar "often turned to Hindu scripture such as the Bhagavad Gita, arguing that the text justified violence against those who would harm Mother India. [68] According to the Gita translator Radhakrishnan, quoted in a review by Robinson, Krishna's discourse is a "comprehensive synthesis" that inclusively unifies the competing strands of Hindu thought such as "Vedic ritual, Upanishadic wisdom, devotional theism and philosophical insight". With Arjuna is Krishna, not as a participant in the war, but only as his charioteer and counsel. [163] It begins with the discussion of spiritual pursuits through sannyasa (renunciation, monastic life) and spiritual pursuits while living in the world as a householder. [64][93], According to Gambhirananda, the old manuscripts may have had 745 verses, though he agrees that 700 verses is the generally accepted historic standard. [web 1][4][note 1] The KrishnaArjuna dialogues cover a broad range of spiritual topics, touching upon ethical dilemmas and philosophical issues that go far beyond the war that Arjuna faces. "[158], Translators title the chapter as DaivasuraSampadVibhaga yoga, The Separateness of the Divine and Undivine, Two Paths, or The Yoga of the Division between the Divine and the Demonic. A collection of Christian commentaries on the Gita has been edited by Catherine Cornille, comparing and contrasting a wide range of views on the text by theologians and religion scholars. [173] In the Upanishads, this is the Brahmanical idea that all beings have a "permanent real self", the true essence, the Self it refers to as Atman (Self). Unravel the philosophy of life and the spiritual essence of the Bhagavad Gita in the most practical and systematic way. [18][114][115] The fifteenth chapter expounds on Krishna's theology, in the Vaishnava Bhakti tradition of Hinduism. Lord Krishna revealed himself as the origin of everything. [153] This chapter also relies on Samkhya theories. He labels the first chapter "Arjuna Vishada Yogam" or the "Yoga of Arjuna's Dejection". Rosen, Steven; Krishna's Song: A New Look at the Bhagavad Gita, p. 22. [139] This chapter contains eschatology of the Bhagavad Gita. Bhagavad Gita . Sant Keshavadas - Dharmapedia Wiki It has 18 chapters in total. The Bhagavad Gita is an early poem that recounts the conversation between Arjuna the warrior and his charioteer Krishna, a manifestation of God. [90] The Bhagavad Gita is often preserved and studied on its own, as an independent text with its chapters renumbered from 1 to 18. Chapter 11 of the Gita refers to Krishna as, Verse 2.21 from the Bhagavad Gita (15 secs), Verse 2.47, "act without craving for fruits" (16 secs). The Mahabharata the world's longest poem is itself a text that was likely written and compiled over several hundred years, one dated between "400 BCE or little earlier, and 2nd century CE, though some claim a few parts can be put as late as 400 CE", states Fowler. The chapter summarizes the Hindu idea of rebirth, samsara, eternal Self in each person (Self), universal Self present in everyone, various types of yoga, divinity within, the nature of knowledge of the Self and other concepts. History - Temple of Cosmic Religion Bhagavad Gita: Chapter 8, Verse 18 - Bhagavad Gita, The Song of God For Dnyaneshwar, people err when they see themselves distinct from each other and Krishna, and these distinctions vanish as soon as they accept, understand and enter with love unto Krishna. It openly synthesizes and inclusively accepts multiple ways of life, harmonizing spiritual pursuits through action (karma), knowledge (gyaana), and devotion (bhakti). Further reading: Satguru Sant Keshavadas, Essence of Bhagavad-Gita and Bible (Oakland, Calif.: Temple of Cosmic Religion, 1982); , Life and Teachings of Sadguru Sant . [105] He sees that some among his enemies are his own relatives, beloved friends, and revered teachers. John C. Plott et al. For example, states Arthur Basham, verses 5.2328 state that a sage's spiritual goal is to realize the impersonal Brahman, yet the next verse 5.29 states that the goal is to realize the personal God who is Krishna.[51]. sri-bhagavan uvaca pasya me partha rupani sataso 'tha sahasrasah nana-vidhani divyani nana-varnakrtini ca [11-5] The Blessed Lord said: My dear Arjuna, O son of Prtha, behold now My opulences, hundreds of thousands of varied divine forms, multicolored like the sea. [106] He drops his bow, wonders if he should renounce and just leave the battlefield. [44], Swami Vivekananda, the 19th-century Hindu monk and Vedantist, stated that the Bhagavad Gita may be old but it was mostly unknown in Indian history till the early 8th century when Adi Shankara (Shankaracharya) made it famous by writing his much-followed commentary on it. [90] The Bhagavad Gita manuscripts exist in numerous Indic scripts. He now shows in his form: deities and the demi-gods, twelve Aadityaas, eight Vasus, eleven Rudraas, two Ashvini Kumars, and forty-nine Maruts. In light of the Ahimsa (non-violence) teachings in Hindu scriptures, the Gita has been criticized as violating the Ahimsa value, or alternatively, as supporting political violence. It discusses who is a true yogi, and what it takes to reach the state where one harbors no malice towards anyone. [71][72] It discusses whether one should renounce a householder lifestyle for a life as an ascetic, or lead a householder life dedicated to one's duty and profession, or pursue a householder life devoted to a personalized God in the revealed form of Krishna. Kriya Yoga Today with Yogacharya O'Brian on Apple Podcasts Bhagavad-Gita An Introduction to Hinduism | GradeSaver Every being has an impermanent body and an eternal Self, and that "Krishna as Lord" lives within every creature. According to Dennis Hudson, there is an overlap between Vedic and Tantric rituals within the teachings found in the Bhagavad Gita. Prakriti cosmic matter (in the collective sense). About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright . [web 6], The 1993 Sanskrit film, Bhagavad Gita, directed by G. V. Iyer won the 1993 National Film Award for Best Film. When disappointment stares me in the face and all alone I see not one ray of light, I go back to the Bhagavadgt. [183] The theme that unites these paths in the Gita is "inner renunciation" where one is unattached to personal rewards during one's spiritual journey. tman (Self) and Self-knowledge, along with the loss of egotistic ignorance, the goal of moksha, is something that is always present as the essence of the self, and must be realized by each person by one's own effort. "The whole cosmic order is under Me. Those who act selfishly create the Karmic cause and are thereby bound to the effect which may be good or bad. The Gita accepts atman as the pure, unchanging, ultimate real essence. Kosambi writes that in the Gita, "the high god repeatedly emphasizes the great virtue of non-killing (ahimsa), yet the entire discourse is an incentive to war. [26] He cites similar quotes in the dharmasutra texts, the Brahma sutras, and other literature to conclude that the Bhagavad Gita was composed in the fifth or fourth century BCE. Abhinavagupta's commentary is notable for its citations of more ancient scholars, in a style similar to Adi Shankara. [310], Abhinavagupta was a theologian and philosopher of the Kashmir Shaivism (Shiva) tradition. [99] While the shloka is the principal meter in the Gita, it does deploy other elements of Sanskrit prosody (which refers to one of the six Vedangas, or limbs of Vedic statues). [313][314], Madhva, a commentator of the Dvaita (modern taxonomy) Tatvavada (actually quoted by Madhva) Vedanta school,[307] wrote a commentary on the Bhagavad Gita, which exemplifies the thinking of the Tatvavada school (Dvaita Vedanta). [69] Aurobindo described the text as a synthesis of various Yogas.
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