A diet low in protein was determined to activate the liver and hypothalamus hedgehog-signaling pathway that is positively correlated with liver disease (e.g., NAFLD) and hepatic repair mechanisms [61]. Bourque SL, Komolova M, McCabe K, Adams MA, Nakatsu K. Perinatal iron deficiency combined with a high-fat diet causes obesity and cardiovascular dysregulation. The effect of these fats on the microbiota is best explained by indirect mechanisms. Ethical clearance was approved by Bale Zonal Health Office Ethics Committee. Nutrients. malnourished baby and infant | British Medical Bulletin | Oxford Academic Few studies have been published in human adults. Supplementation with n-3 PUFAs can exert a positive action by reverting the microbiota composition in adult inflammatory diseases and increase the production of anti-inflammatory compounds, like short-chain fatty acids [92]. Vitamin D regulation of immune function in the gut: why do T cells have vitamin D receptors? In addition, microbe-host interactions directed by dietary proteins can provide further insight to assess protein quality and requirements that optimize intestinal health, especially during early development. Reducing dietary protein in mice from 20 to 5% has drastic consequences on growth stunting, intestinal permeability, and immune function resulting in intestinal inflammation with features similar to EE in humans [17]. CSA. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. In the Vitamin D Antenatal Asthma Reduction (VDAART) Trial, mothers of infants received either 4000IU vitamin D plus prenatal vitamins or 400IU vitamin D plus prenatal vitamins during the first trimester of pregnancy [168]. Recent follow-up of children born after randomized nutritional interventions in pregnancy provides weak evidence of beneficial effects on growth, vascular function, lipid concentrations, glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. The impact of PUFA on the gut microbiota is less well defined. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. This study has some strengths and limitations. Patterson E, ODoherty RM, Murphy EF, Wall R, OSullivan O, Nilaweera K, et al. There is growing evidence for a potential role of a disrupted microbiota in metabolic disorders induced by n-3 PUFA deficiency. EE can induce stunting and wasting through poor digestion and autoimmune dysfunction rather than food shortage [14]. There were no observed differences between the diversity of microbiota in the two exposure groups at 36months of age. Notwithstanding, these studies highlight a complex but important interrelationship between the microbiota in childhood and iron status, and highlight a myriad of influences on this relationship, including use of iron supplements and their formulations, population characteristics, presence of other nutritional deficiencies, or excesses among others. Studies have shown that different types of dietary fat, including saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and PUFAs, and their abundance in the diet, could change gut microbiota composition [91]. Maternal malnutrition is caused by complex interaction of a multitude of factors [17]. But when your body runs out of tissue for storage, the fat cells themselves have to grow. Kedir H, Berhane Y, Worku A. were able to show that a higher proportion of Enterobacteriaceae members relative to Akkermansia municiphila and Clostridium scindens in malnourished Malawian children was indicative of a pathogenic community related to malnutrition [21]. 2016;138. In excess, unabsorbed iron remains in the gastrointestinal tract, where it may provide a labile iron pool for bacteria. To prevent malnutrition, women who plan to conceive should take prenatal vitamins, eat healthy food and exercise regularly. The perinatal period represents a time in development when exogenous factors that affect the microbiome such as antibiotics, diet, hygiene, pathogens, mode of birth, and pollutants can alter immune and physiological programming. Commensal Escherichia coli Strains Can Promote Intestinal Inflammation via Differential Interleukin-6 Production. Microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites are instrumental in maintaining intestinal homeostasis [76]. The evidence in human infants is even more sparse. Lack of vitamin D receptor causes dysbiosis and changes the functions of the murine intestinal microbiome. Carbohydrate malabsorption is frequently reported in severely malnourished children; however, to what extent it contributes to the pathologies surrounding malnutrition remains unclear [103]. Illnesses, infections, and mental illnesses like depression can also affect a persons ability to consume and digest nutritious food. In this study, acute malnutrition or wasting, defined as MUAC <21cm, was the dependent variable. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, those mothers who did not received antenatal care (ANC) during their pregnancy were 1.83 times more likely (AOR=1.83, 95%CI: 1.10, 3.02) to be malnourished (MUAC <21cm) as compared to mothers who received ANC. Lewis RM, Petry CJ, Ozanne SE, Hales CN. The prevalence of underweight among early childbearing mothers in Bangladesh is reported to be very high and is associated with occupational status of the mothers [26]. Li J-M, Yu R, Zhang L-P, Wen S-Y, Wang S-J, Zhang X-Y, et al. Han YW. Using an omics and an extensive host phenotyping approach will help unravel the complex interactions between the gut microbiota and health of malnourished children. Although the mechanism of programming is poorly defined, the effects of dietary protein may have a microbial component. A metagenomic meta-analysis reveals functional signatures of health and diesease in the human gut microbiome. 10.1126/science.aau4735. and transmitted securely. It has been suggested that EE is a contributor to malnutrition and growth delay in children living in areas with poor sanitation. The accompanying intestinal and systemic inflammation are suggested to contribute to these pathological changes [80, 82]. 2009;50(8):80413. Demir N, Koc A, styol L, Peker E, Abuhandan M. Clinical and neurological findings of severe vitamin B12 deficiency in infancy and importance of early diagnosis and treatment. 2004. Maternal high-protein (40% of diet) diets during pregnancy . Notably, several species of Proteobacteria (e.g., Enterobateriaceae such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella) and Firmicutes (Bacillus) require iron to colonize and persist in the intestine [149]. PubMed The gut microbiota of rural papua new guineans: composition, diversity patterns, and ecological processes. NLRP6 protects Il10-/- mice from colitis by limiting colonization of Akkermansia muciniphila. Richard C, Lewis ED, Field CJ. Mymensingh Med J. To what extent dietary MACs shape early-life development and disease risk remains unknown and requires well-controlled studies comparing MAC type and introduction to the diet during the critical window of development. This cut-off point was used based on the SPHERE Guidelines [19] and national protocol [20], both of which recognize it as an appropriate level for identifying mothers who are at risk for giving birth to infants with growth retardation in humanitarian settings. The action you just performed triggered the security solution. Altering the intestinal microbiota during a critical developmental window has lasting metabolic consequences. Effects of microbiota-directed foods in gnotobiotic animals and undernourished children. DiNicolantonio JJ, OKeefe J. Markedly increased intake of refined carbohydrates and sugar is associated with the rise of coronary heart disease and diabetes among the Alaskan Inuit. Stephane L. Bourque, Email: ac.atreblau@euqruobs. The Effects of Alcohol and Drugs of Abuse on Maternal Nutritional They can also lead to stillbirth, low birthweight, wasting and developmental delays for children. A human stool-derived Bilophila wadsworthia strain caused systemic inflammation in specificpathogen-free mice. Fusobacterium nucleatum: a commensal-turned pathogen. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders describes it as a compulsive and persistent eating disorder [1] for at least one month that affects black women four times as much as white women. Central statistical agency [Ethiopia] and ICF international. 2012;7(6):e39957. Google Scholar. Dostal A, Lacroix C, Bircher L, Pham VT, Follador R, Zimmermann MB, et al. Iron deficiency in infancy and neurocognitive functioning at 19 years: evidence of long-term deficits in executive function and recognition memory. 1Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada, 2Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada, 3Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada. Effect of Prenatal Malnutrition on Fetus and Newborn Baby: A There is a lack of consensus on which anthropometric measures to use, and the cut-off values to apply as criteria during screening and for admission of PLW to nutritional care programmes. All authors approved and read the final manuscript. The site is secure. Mean serum 25(OH)D levels did not differ between underweight (WAZ<1.0) and non-underweight children, although underweight children were twice more likely to have serum vitamin D levels <42.5nmol/L. the contents by NLM or the National Institutes of Health. The contribution of the microbiota to the relationship between early-life protein and long-term metabolic outcomes has not been explored in a controlled system; however, given the evidence linking early-life microbial disruptions with long-term disease risk supports a role of protein-microbe interactions. Proc Nutr Soc. Litvak Y, Byndloss MX, Bumler AJ. Protein- and zinc-deficient diets modulate the murine microbiome and metabolic phenotype. Therefore, nutrition is an important tool that can be manipulated to restore beneficial microbe-host interactions that enhance intestinal integrity and health. Abel Fekadu Dadi x Published: September 6, 2019 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0221712 Article Authors Metrics Media Coverage Abstract Background Malnutrition in pregnancy remains unacceptably high across all regions of Africa though promising progresses have been made globally. Wealth status, mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) and antenatal care (ANC) are determinants for low birth weight in Kersa, Ethiopia.