On an extreme level, the Inquisition, the Salem witch trials, and anti-Semitism are all examples of this dynamic. For more discussion on the study of sociology and religion, check out the following blog: http://openstaxcollege.org/l/immanent_frame/. Religion, from this perspective, is seen as an important part of maintaining social cohesion. Religion, in fact, depends on society for its existence, value, and significance, and vice versa. RCT is widely used in economics and to a lesser extent in criminal justice, but the application of RCT in explaining the religious beliefs and behaviors of people and societies is still being debated in sociology today. Rewards are the intangible benefits in terms of belief and satisfactory explanations about life, death, and the supernatural, as well as social rewards from membership. Increased socio according to erikson, amanda is currently negotiating the struggle of, social scientists who specialize in interpersonal conflict have identified five different styles of fighting. Which perspective most emphasizes the ways in which religion helps keep the social system running smoothly? According to this perspective, religion has been used to support the divine right of oppressive monarchs and to justify unequal social structures, like Indias caste system. RCT proposes that, in a pluralistic society with many religious options, religious organizations will compete for members, and people will choose between different churches or denominations in much the same way they select other consumer goods, balancing costs and rewards in a rational manner. Both share many of the same stories in their central religious texts. Feminist theorists focus on gender inequality and promote leadership roles for women in religion. Employees also seek autonomy and fulfillment in their jobs, not just wages. The Star of David in Judaism, the cross in Christianity, and the crescent and star in Islam are examples of sacred symbols. 1973 [1844]. One of the most important functions of religion, from a functionalist perspective, is the opportunities it creates for social interaction and the formation of groups. This allows the ruling class to maintain their power and privileges, while convincing the working class that their social and economic status is the result of individual failings, rather than systemic inequalities. What are some sacred items that youre familiar with? Religions have a complex and integrated set of norms. Max Weber (1904) posited that, in Europe in his time, Protestants were more likely than Catholics to value capitalist ideology, and believed in hard work and savings. Are there some objects, such as cups, candles, or clothing, that would be considered profane in normal settings but are considered sacred in special circumstances or when used in specific ways? Which of the main theoretical perspectives would approach religion from the micro-level, studying how religion impacts an individuals sense of support and well-being? what are some denominations of the Christian Protestant Church? Consider a religion that you are familiar with, and discuss some of its beliefs, behaviors, and norms. During times of recession, these service jobs may be the only employment possible for younger individuals or those with low-level skills. Rational choice theory (RCT) is one way social scientists have attempted to explain these behaviors. Symbolic interactionist Modern-day sociologists often apply one of the major theoretical perspectives. OpenStax is part of Rice University, which is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit. Symbolic interactionist perspective C. Social conflict approach O d. Feminist perspective O e. None of these answers. tudy and understand society: functionalism, symbolic interactionism, conflict theoryand feminist theory. The Star of David in Judaism, the cross in Christianity, and the crescent and star in Islam are examples of sacred symbols. , king about her accomplishments and wondering if her days have been well-spent. According to Marxist theory, religion is seen as an ideological tool that is used to justify and perpetuate existing power structures and economic inequalities. Which socialist perspective most emphasizes the ways in which religion helps to maintain social. This perspective views religion as a stabilizing force in society, providing a shared system of beliefs and values that can be used to provide some form of social order. Finally, religion promotes social control: It reinforces social norms such as appropriate styles of dress, following the law, and regulating sexual behavior. which of the following is not one of the (Solved) - What perspective most emphasizes the ways in which in The Protestant work ethic was viewed in terms of its relationship to: What are some denominations of the Christian Protestant church? Which perspective most emphasizes the ways in which religion helps keep the social system running smoothly? For instance, in every culture, funeral rites are practiced in some way, although these customs vary between cultures and within religious affiliations. Sociologists Roger Finke and Rodney Stark (1988) first considered the use of RCT to explain some aspects of religious behavior, with the assumption that there is a basic human need for religion in terms of providing belief in a supernatural being, a sense of meaning in life, and belief in life after death. Which socialist perspective most emphasizes the ways in which religion helps to maintain social inequalities within a society? Above all, he believed religion is about community: It binds people together (social cohesion), promotes behavior consistency (social control), and offers strength during lifes transitions and tragedies (meaning and purpose). For example, the Vatican has a tremendous amount of Religion could not be understood apart from the capitalist society that perpetuated inequality. Increased trust.C. To him, sacred meant extraordinarysomething that inspired wonder and that seemed connected to the concept of the divine. Durkheim argued that religion happens in society when there is a separation between the profane (ordinary life) and the sacred (1915). This power dynamic has been used by Christian institutions for centuries to keep poor people poor and to teach them that they shouldnt be concerned with what they lack because their true reward (from a religious perspective) will come after death. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. The Sociological Approach to Religion - OpenEd CUNY Which perspective most emphasizes the ways in which religi Critics of RCT argue that it doesnt fit well with human spiritual needs, and many sociologists disagree that the costs and rewards of religion can even be meaningfully measured or that individuals use a rational balancing process regarding religious affiliation. sociology module 10 Flashcards | Quizlet Interactionists are interested in what these symbols communicate. Religions often meet several basic needs. Functionalists contend that religion serves several functions in society. 2003. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. Which of the following do the functionalist and conflict perspectives share? Which perspective most emphasizes the ways in which religion helps keep the social system running smoothly? Thus, religion helps to bind individuals together in a society and creates a sense of shared purpose. 15.2 World Religions. Decreased efficiency.E. citation tool such as, Authors: Tonja R. Conerly, Kathleen Holmes, Asha Lal Tamang. Religions have a complex and integrated set of norms. Translated by George Simpson. From this perspective, religion serves several purposes, like providing answers to spiritual mysteries, offering emotional comfort, and creating a place for social interaction and social control. Moreover, it can foster group cohesion and integration. A. 353 354 355 356 357 354 355 356 357 Weber noted that certain kinds of Protestantism supported the pursuit of material gain by motivating believers to work hard, be successful, and not spend their profits on frivolous things. How does one pick a church or decide which denomination fits best? This question led Durkheim to posit that religion is not just a social creation but something that represents the power of society: When people celebrate sacred things, they celebrate the power of their society. A few religions and religious denominations are more gender equal, but male dominance remains the norm of most. Symbolic interactionist perspective Web(Photo courtesy of James Emery/flickr) Modern-day sociologists often apply one of the major theoretical perspectives. and you must attribute OpenStax. Post any question and get expert help quickly. -emotional cohesiveness.D. Religion, in fact, depends on society for its existence, value, and significance, and vice versa. 2002 [1905]. These views offer different lenses through which to s tudy and Question 34 Which perspective most emphasizes the ways in which religion helps to keep the social system running smoothly? The theory proposes that people are self-interested, though not necessarily selfish, and that people make rational choiceschoices that can reasonably be expected to maximize positive outcomes while minimizing negative outcomes. Moreover, religion is a cultural universal found in all social groups. He believed religion reflects the social stratification of society and that it maintains inequality and perpetuates the status quo. Then, research a religion that you dont know much about. Functional perspective; Symbolic interactionist perspective; are not subject to the Creative Commons license and may not be reproduced without the prior and express written b. Web4SQ. , king about her accomplishments and wondering if her days have been well-spent. Not yet answered Points out of 2.00 P Because interactionists study one-on-one, everyday interactions between individuals, a scholar using this approach might ask questions focused on this dynamic. Religion is a social institution, because it includes beliefs and practices that serve the needs of society. Ch. 15: Religion Flashcards | Quizlet Religious practices and beliefs are related to societal values. Not yet answered Points out of 2.00 P Flag question Select one: O a. Functional perspective O b. Some would argue that the Protestant work ethic is still alive and well in the United States. Which of the main theoretical perspectives would approach religion from the micro-level, studying how religion impacts an individuals sense of support and well-being? WebWhich socialist perspective most emphasizes the ways in which religion helps to maintain social inequalities within a society? addresses all aspects of a groups behavior, may or may not be of value in meeting social needs, Position that religion relates to social control, enforcing social norms, Emphasis on religion as providing social support, Belief that religion helps explain the mysteries of life, has generally grown so large that it needs new buildings and multiple leaders, often believes it must split from the larger group to return to important fundamentals, the number of followers or believers is much larger for denominations, the geographical location varies for ecclesia versus denominations, ecclesia are state-sponsored and considered an official religion, there are no important differences; the terms are interchangeable, the Branch Davidians and the Manson Family, oral traditions only because Judaism has no sacred text. Which socialist perspective most emphasizes the ways in which religion helps to maintain social inequalities within a society? In jobs where roles and tasks are highly prescribed, workers have no opportunity to make decisions. WebWhich socialist perspective most emphasizes the ways in which religion helps to maintain social inequalities within a society? How do people decide which religion to follow, if any? Conflict theorists also point out that those in power in a religion are often able to dictate practices, rituals, and beliefs through their interpretation of religious texts or via proclaimed direct communication from the divine. The Immanent Frame is a forum for the exchange of ideas about religion, secularism, and society by leading thinkers in the social sciences and humanities. This book uses the In terms of religion, feminist theorists assert that, although women are typically the ones to socialize children into a religion, they have traditionally held very few positions of power within religions. The McDonaldization of Society. Please log in to save materials. Religious practices and beliefs are related to societal values. Experts are tested by Chegg as specialists in their subject area. Factory jobs tend to be simple, uninvolved, and require very little thinking or decision making on the part of the worker. WebTheoretical Perspectives on Religion: Conflict theory view religion as an institution that helps maintain patterns of social inequality. Weber, Max. addresses all aspects of a groups behavior, may or may not be of value in meeting social needs, Position that religion relates to social control, enforcing social norms, Emphasis on religion as providing social support, Belief that religion helps explain the mysteries of life. 12.4: Reading: Theoretical Perspectives on Religion We reviewed their content and use your feedback to keep the quality high. Functionalists believe religion meets many important needs for people, including group cohesion and companionship. Some controversial groups that may be mislabeled as cults includes: In what part of the world have Confucianism and Taoism ben primarily practiced? WebWhich perspective most emphasizes the ways in which religion helps keep the social system running smoothly? ch. 15 Sociology quiz Flashcards | Quizlet amanda is a very old woman, and knows that she is very near the end of her life. WebFeminism Show Hint Which perspective most emphasizes the ways in which religion helps keep the social system running smoothly? CH. 15 Religion prac. test Flashcards | Quizlet lately she has spent quite a bit of time reflecting on her life, thin New York: Penguin. Which perspective most emphasizes the ways in which religion helps keep the social system running smoothly? Chapter 15 Flashcards | Quizlet Ritzer, George. Durkheim, mile. The socialist perspective that most emphasizes the ways in which religion helps to maintain social inequalities within a society is Marxist socialism. The theory doesnt address many aspects of religion that individuals may consider essential (such as faith) and further fails to account for agnostics and atheists who dont seem to have a similar need for religious explanations. Lets explore how scholars applying these paradigms understand religion. In what ways does religion serve the role of a social institution? Symbolic interactionist c. Conflict theory Functionalists contend that religion serves several functions in society. A few religions and religious denominations are more gender equal, but male dominance remains the norm of most. Religious rituals bring order, comfort, and organization through shared familiar symbols and patterns of behavior. Discuss how these meet social needs. In studying religion, sociologists distinguish between what they term the experience, beliefs, and rituals of a religion. (Photo courtesy of James Emery/flickr). Social scientists recognize that religion exists as an organized and integrated set of beliefs, behaviors, and norms centered on basic social needs and values. Social Stratification in the United States, Population, Urbanization, and the Environment, 2 - The History of Religion as a Sociological Concept, http://openstaxcollege.org/l/immanent_frame/, http://openstaxcollege.org/l/Grinnell_functionalism, http://openstaxcollege.org/l/women_clergy, http://openstaxcollege.org/l/Protestant_work_ethic, http://www.csa.com/discoveryguides/religion/overview.php, http://personal.lse.ac.uk/KANAZAWA/pdfs/ARS1997.pdf. These views offer different lenses through which to study and understand society: functionalism, symbolic interactionism, conflict theoryand feminist theory. Durkheim is generally considered the first sociologist who analyzed religion in terms of its societal impact. Religions often meet several basic needs. Rational choice theory (RCT) is one way social scientists have attempted to explain these behaviors. For example, it helps answer questions like, How was the world created? Why do we suffer? Is there a plan for our lives? and Is there an afterlife? As another function, religion provides emotional comfort in times of crisis. Web4. Functionalism, conflict theory, and interactionism all provide valuable ways for sociologists to understand religion. For Durkheim, Weber, and Marx, who were reacting to the great social and economic upheaval of the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century in Europe, religion was an integral part of society. position that religions relates to social control, enforcing lately she has spent quite a bit of time reflecting on her life, thin -emotional cohesiveness.D. Increased socio Moreover, it can foster group cohesion and integration. For example, the Vatican has a tremendous amount of wealth, while the average income of Catholic parishioners is small. In what ways does religion serve the role of a social institution? The work ethic in the information age has been affected by tremendous cultural and social change, just as workers in the mid- to late nineteenth century were influenced by the wake of the Industrial Revolution. Which perspective most emphasizes the ways in which religion helps keep the social system running smoothly? Religions have a complex and integrated set of norms. WebConflict theory. The main difference between an ecclesia and a denomination is: Some controversial groups that may be mislabeled as cults include: In what part of the world have Confucianism and Taoism been primarily practiced? which perspective most emphasizes the ways in which religion helps keep the social system running smoothly? Marx considered religion inseparable from the economy and the worker. Increased flexibility.B. The interaction between religious leaders and practitioners, the role of religion in the ordinary components of everyday life, and the ways people express religious values in social interactionsall might be topics of study to an interactionist. WebQuestion: Question 34 Which perspective most emphasizes the ways in which religion helps to keep the social system running smoothly? . Because interactionists study one-on-one, everyday interactions between individuals, a scholar using this approach might ask questions focused on this dynamic. From this perspective, religion serves several purposes, like providing answers to spiritual mysteries, offering emotional comfort, and creating a place for social interaction and social control.