. Block lava continued to flow down the SW flank of the volcano, extending as far as 240 m from the summit. A small fissure was observed cutting across the summit of Volcancito roughly in line with those found at higher elevations. Explosions produced ash plumes that rose as high as 2 km above the crater. Fortunately, increasing numbers of instrument- and satellite-aided techniques have emerged to help document eruption end dates. One ash plume rose to an altitude of 7.9 km (26,000 ft) a.s.l. Data are telemetered to CICBAS in the city of Colima. The large 17 July explosion took place at 1241. [Deposits produced after the partial collapse of the summit lava dome on 16 April were eroded during the rainy season, leaving new ravines 5-15 m deep. Based on observations of satellite images, the Washington VAAC reported that on 6 March a small ash cloud from Colima drifted NE and dissipated. On the way to El Playon we observed fires on the southern slopes of Nevado out to a maximum distance of 4.5 km from the volcano's summit. Information Contacts: Ana Lilian Martn del Pozzo, Instituto de Geofsica, UNAM, Ciudad Univ, Delegacin Coyoacn; Julian A. Flores Diaz, Instituto de Geografa y Estadsticas, Univ de Guadalajara; Michael Sheridan and Gary Stoopes, Arizona State Univ, USA.
Villages Evacuated After Mexico's Colima Volcano Erupts At least five pyroclastic flows traveled down the volcano's flanks to a maximum distance of ~2 km. Sources: Centro Universitario de Estudios e Investigaciones de Vulcanologia - Universidad de Colima; Associated Press. Neither plume was visible on satellite imagery. The wind speed and direction were computed for each of the six traverses by a global positioning system (GPS). Geologists observed few morphological changes on the cone's N and NE flanks, although there was some evidence of landslides, probably caused by heavy rain and snow in January. The total volume of effusive material was calculated to be ~8.3 x 106 m3.
Location Maps - Colima volcano (Volcan de Fuego; Volcan de Colima Reyes-Dvila, CICBAS, Universidad de Colima; S. de la Cruz-Reyna, I. Yokoyama, A. Nava, Z. Jimnez, and M.A. The lavas traveled from the central crater proceeding down the SW flank until May (areas 1 and 2 on figure 62). Confirmed Eruption
These values were confirmed by vehicle-based terrestrial measurements of SO2, carried out two hours after the flight. On 15 February and the end of March (St. 2), video observations indicated continued gradual lava dome growth in the new crater. The webcam recorded an ash plume rising to an altitude of 6.1 km on 29 August. and drifted over 35 km NW. Authorities allowed residents to return to evacuated communities in both Colima and Jalisco. Geotherm. | December
An emission drifted NE on 28 October. Based on satellite and webcam images, the Washington VAAC reported that during 24 and 27-29 March ash plumes rose to altitude of 4-6.1 km and drifted NE. Ashfall was reported in Atenquique (20 km E). | May
A small eruption recorded by the webcam produced gas emissions with a low ash content that rose to an altitude of 4.9 km and drifted NNE. Fifteen earthquakes (M 1.9-3.9) were recorded during the 9-hour interval prior to the 22 February explosion. On 8 March 1992, Komorowski, Siebe, and Rodrguez spent 4 hours on and around the active lava dome, where conditions were hot and required gas masks despite the local wind and low air temperature at 3,800 m elevation.
Several explosions occurred daily. Although the subsidence during 1997-99 is greater than previously measured, there is nothing in the measurements to suggest that the volcano is building up to a bigger eruption, or to distinguish between the Mogi deflation or downslope slipping models.
Geologists from the Univ. Avalanches have also occurred from the summit area, similar to those that preceded the partial collapse of the newly extruded dome on 16 April. Low-to-moderate explosions continued. Scientists made E-W topographic profiles on 12 October 2004 and 18 March 2005 (figure 76). A plot showing the daily number of rockfalls reflects the level of activity over the course of the eruption (figure 65). Fourteen MODVOLC thermal alerts were issued. The explosion was accompanied by pyroclastic flows that traveled 2 km down the S flank and volcanic blocks. Observers and photographs revealed two additional lava flows as seen from both Rancho El Jabal (10 km SW of the summit) during the night of 25 November and from Cofradia de Suchitlan (15 km SW) during the night of 26 November; these flows also descended the SW flank and headed towards two drainages (the W branch of Barranca El Cordobn and the S branch of Barranca La Lumbre). Results are superimposed on the SRTM Digital Elevation Model. The other plume moved NW. Several small explosions occurred at Colima during 16-21 November that produced steam-and-ash clouds to low levels above the volcano. Based on satellite images, the Washington VAAC reported that during 9-10 and 12 September a gas-and-ash plume from Colima rose to altitudes of 4.6-6.7 km (15,000-22,000 ft) a.s.l. In addition, on 3 and 22 February, the data were obtained by UNAM staff member Hugo Delgado. Where associated with bombs, the isolated fire sites would always be on the side facing away from the summit. Geologists noted that if activity continues at the same rate, a new block lava flow will begin to develop, probably on the W or NW side of the volcano, in the next 2-3 weeks. A group from CICBAS (Universidad de Colima) and CONMAR (Oregon State Univ) visited the volcano 15-17 February. Few people witnessed the lahar. On 22 February 2002, the flow was 200 m long and had a volume of ~720,000 m3. When visiting the same area on 26 February, we found the small and medium impact craters difficult to identify; most of the impacts below trees were covered by newly fallen leaves.". Res., 66: 251-256. --" indicates that the information was not reported. "On 1 December, a group from CICBAS, Universidad de Colima, and CTS Cinvestav Guadalajara, visited Colima to provide maintenance to EZV3, the 5th seismological station of the Red Sismolgica Telemtrica del Estado de Colima (RESCO), put in service on 24 May 1989 by the Grupo de Sismologa del CICBAS, Universidad de Colima. Max VEI: 4, 1908 Dec 18 - 1909 Jul 1 30 days
Max VEI: 1, 1961 Jul 2 182 days - 1962 Dec 1 30 days
Another possible ash plume was observed on 18 May in satellite images drifting 30 km W. No additional ash plumes were reported by the VAAC until late November. Universidad de Colima reported that lava effusion ceased at Colima by the end of February. (25,000 feet) on 10 May. | September
Nature, 265: 724-725. By 8 October 2016, the lava flow was about 2,000 m long and 270 m wide at its front at the base of the cone.
Colima's Long Eruption - NASA Earth Observatory Centro Universitario de Estudios e Investigaciones de Vulcanologia - Universidad de Colima reported that intermittent steam-and-gas emissions, mainly from the NE side of the crater, and three small explosions were recorded during 29 June-5 July. The third large explosion occurred on 28 August at 2352 and produced an ash column at least 3 km high with ashfall up to 60 km W-NW of the volcano. Several small explosions occurred at Colima during 22-26 February.
By 10 June, however, reduced activity enabled authorities to relax restrictions. On 1 and 2 December, ash clouds were visible on satellite imagery at a maximum altitude of ~7 km. References. Later that day an ash plume rose to an altitude of 5.8 km and drifted 35 km W. The webcam showed intense activity and crater incandescence. However, small tremors of unspecified origin were detected. Incandescent rock avalanches, from explosions and the lava dome overtopping the crater rim, descended the flanks. Seismicity increased until 14 October, and then underwent several cycles of increase and decrease, again reaching previous low levels by the end of the month. The Colima Volcanic Complex (CVC) is currently the most active Mexican volcano and is located in the western sector of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, inside the active . "Temperatures of three fumaroles on the summit lava dome were measured at 3-minute intervals for about 4 days (figure 7). The 22 February explosion accompanied sharp deflation. Prior to the explosion, microseismicity was recorded for several days. Another ash plume drifted almost 20 km E. On 2 May an ash puff rose to an altitude of 4.3 km and drifted 150 km ENE to W. Another ash plume rose to an altitude of 6.7 km and drifted E. Later that day an ash plume drifted almost 85 km E before dissipating. On 19 January explosions were recorded by the webcam and noted by the Jalisco Civil protection agency; ashfall was also reported in Comala and Cuauhtmoc by the agency.
Frontiers | Lava Dome Morphology and Viscosity Inferred From Data Small explosions continued to occur at Colima during 2-6 December. | September
Older lava flows (erupted in the 1800s and earlier) are covered in green vegetation. Between 1930 and 2210 that day observers saw at least two much smaller exhalations of steam and ash without audible explosion noises. Between 0825 and 1015 under a cloudless sky, the plume was traversed 10 times at an altitude of 3,300-3,600 m. The airplane executed a descending spiral within this altitude range. | May
As previously noted (BGVN 33:04), in March 2009 the dome had a volume of ~ 1,400,000 m3, about 80% of the total crater volume. On 9 and 10 October ash clouds were visible on satellite imagery rising to a maximum of ~5 km above the volcano. The dome's post-avalanche profile appeared significantly flattened but precise determination of changes in dome morphology await analysis of before/after photos. Courtesy of Colima Volcano Observatory. Based on webcam and satellite images, the Washington VAAC reported that on 11 February an ash plume rose to an altitude of 4 km (13,000 ft) a.s.l. During the explosion of 29 January, residents up to 20 km away reported a loud noise, shaking ground, and rattling windows. By the end of December the E lava flow had descended the flank of the cone, reaching the vegetation and a ravine at the base. The dome rock was warm in places, and the 1975-76 and 1991 lava flows had weak fumarolic activity, confirming the continued presence of a thermal anomaly. New lava was extruded onto the summit dome after several weeks of increased seismicity, fumarolic activity, and dome fracturing. The 17 July explosion sent blocks up to 500 m and an ash column higher than 3,000 m. The explosion was accompanied by five pyroclastic flows with runout distances up to 2 km on the W-SW slopes of the volcano (figure 66).
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