[74] Both suicides were hushed up. Weeks later she recovered, unscarred but without her youthful beauty. Human science attempts to understand the relationships and connections between and among the meanings, institutions, and other cultural products that are objectifications of mind or Geist. She also wrote stories for ladies' magazines. **Hobbes is considered the Father of Modern Political Philosophy for his postulation of the State of Nature in Leviathan. Elise had been employed by Byron as Allegra's nurse. Do thou return for mine. But thou art fled, gone down a dreary road The couple devoted their time to writing, reading, learning, sightseeing, and socialising. [147], In the mid-1840s, Mary Shelley found herself the target of three separate blackmailers. On 10 December, Percy Shelley's wife, Harriet, was discovered drowned in the Serpentine, a lake in Hyde Park, London. a term of familiar address for an old or elderly woman. [98] Biographers have offered various interpretations of these events: that Percy Shelley decided to adopt a local child; that the baby was his by Elise, Claire, or an unknown woman; or that she was Elise's by Byron. [273] Lady Shelley, Percy Florence's wife, responded in part by presenting a severely edited collection of letters she had inherited, published privately as Shelley and Mary in 1882. [218], In the 1820s and 1830s, Mary Shelley frequently wrote short stories for gift books or annuals, including sixteen for The Keepsake, which was aimed at middle-class women and bound in silk, with gilt-edged pages. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. Constructed the first trigonometric table. [223] In her stories, female identity is tied to a woman's short-lived value in the marriage market while male identity can be sustained and transformed through the use of money. (Seymour, 42526). In Rambles, Shelley follows the tradition of Mary Wollstonecraft's Letters Written in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark and her own A History of a Six Weeks' Tour in mapping her personal and political landscape through the discourse of sensibility and sympathy.
Who Is The Mother Of Science | AromaxDelight Such people are generally regarded to have made the first significant contributions to and/or delineation of that field; they may also be seen as " a " rather than " the " father or mother of the field. ThoughtCo. Work on Charles Babbage's proposed mechanical general-purpose computer, the Analytical Engine, Developed the first code breaking algorithm based on, Developed a graphical protocol that creates three-dimensional virtual space on a two-dimensional plane, Provided the first general definitions of a, By generalizing the use of vanishing points to include the case when these are infinitely far away. Design and manufacture of chemicals that are non-hazardous and environmentally benign. First to describe the methodology of human. [189], Shelley's writings focus on the role of the family in society and women's role within that family. You've probably heard of Edwin Hubble, or Hubble's Law, or at least the Hubble Telescope, right? First to publish in modern Western thought (in 1794) the then audacious idea that meteorites are rocks from space. Nightingale worked toward improvements in sanitation for the patients, through things like handwashing and better sewage hygiene, and by the end of the war the death rates had dramatically decreased. Leavitt began as a human "computer" in 1893 at the Harvard College Observatory, measuring and cataloging the brightness of Cepheid, or "variable," stars, whose luminosity varies over time. It is the most basic science as it tries to understand how the universe is put together and works at the most fundamental level. ", This page was last edited on 20 June 2023, at 07:19. "[69] Charles E. Robinson, editor of a facsimile edition of the Frankenstein manuscripts, concluded that Percy's contributions to the book "were no more than what most publishers' editors have provided new (or old) authors or, in fact, what colleagues have provided to each other after reading each other's works in progress."[70]. Nonetheless, the women included in this post are by no means the only women to make significant contributions to science. Paley, "Apocalypse without Millennium" (OMS), 11121; Mellor, 159. Explore More Behind the Scenes with Inventor - and Actor - Hedy Lamarr [103] The writing of her novel was broken off when her son William died of malaria. Shelley's works often argue that cooperation and sympathy, particularly as practised by women in the family, were the ways to reform civil society. O'Connor, John J; Edmund F. Robertson "Grard Desargues". [196] Rather than focusing on the twists and turns of the plot, however, the novel foregrounds the mental and moral struggles of the protagonist, Victor Frankenstein, and Shelley imbues the text with her own brand of politicised Romanticism, one that criticised the individualism and egotism of traditional Romanticism. Mary's mother died 11 days after giving birth to her. [249] The following year, Mary Shelley edited a volume of her husband's essays, letters, translations, and fragments, and throughout the 1830s, she introduced his poetry to a wider audience by publishing assorted works in the annual The Keepsake. [180] Victor Frankenstein's failure as a "parent" in the novel has been read as an expression of the anxieties which accompany pregnancy, giving birth, and particularly maternity. It was dead then, but we did not find that out till morningfrom its appearance it evidently died of convulsionsWill you comeyou are so calm a creature & Shelley is afraid of a fever from the milkfor I am no longer a mother now. 2007-08-25 <, Paracelsus: Herald of Modern Toxicology - Borzelleca 53 (1): 2 -, Chladniite: A New Mineral Honoring the Father of Meteoritics, McCoy, T. J.; Steele, I. M.; Keil, K.; Leonard, B. F.; Endress, M., Meteoritics, vol. She was way ahead of her time, intellectually and also imaginatively, and we can only wonder what she might have accomplished had she not died so young. Upon their return to England, Mary was pregnant with Percy's child. The Person of the Millennium: The Unique Impact of Galileo on World History. (Sunstein, 9899), The violent storms were, it is now known, a repercussion of the volcanic eruption of. [149] Also in 1845, Percy Bysshe Shelley's cousin Thomas Medwin approached her claiming to have written a damaging biography of Percy Shelley. "Bringing science into the home, Richards hoped to 'attain the best physical, mental, and moral development' for the family, which she believed was the basic unit of civilization. She was the second child of the feminist philosopher, educator, and writer Mary Wollstonecraft and the first child of the philosopher, novelist, and journalist William Godwin.
Who is the mother of science and why? - TeachersCollegesj [13], Though Mary Godwin received little formal education, her father tutored her in a broad range of subjects. There Percy Shelley discussed with Byron and Leigh Hunt the launch of a radical magazine called The Liberal. 2. [123], In the summer of 1824, Mary Shelley moved to Kentish Town in north London to be near Jane Williams. [269] In fact, in the introduction to her letters published in 1945, editor Frederick Jones wrote, "a collection of the present size could not be justified by the general quality of the letters or by Mary Shelley's importance as a writer. [111], The coast offered Percy Shelley and Edward Williams the chance to enjoy their "perfect plaything for the summer", a new sailing boat. in Schor, "Mary Shelley in Transit" (OMS), 239. For this reason, there may be a . Answer: Geography is often times called the "mother of all sciences" because geography is one of the earliest known scientific disciplines that date back to the original Homo-sapiens who migrated out of eastern Africa, into Europe, Asia, and beyond. Seymour, 301. Her own timid omissions from Percy Shelley's works and her quiet avoidance of public controversy in her later years added to this impression. [157] Her first published work is often thought to have been Mounseer Nongtongpaw,[158] comic verses written for Godwin's Juvenile Library when she was ten and a half; however, the poem is attributed to another writer in the most recent authoritative collection of her works. Resuscitation" 56:37. BMW data science intern - S$1,000 a month 5. Wolfson, "Mary Shelley, editor" (CC), 203. [15] For six months in 1811, she also attended a boarding school in Ramsgate. ", "Niccol Machiavelli is the Father of Modern Political Science - Fact or Myth?website=factmyth.com", "Acton Institute: Anders Chydenius (17291803)", "When, where, and by how much do biophysical limits constrain the economic process? [89], Mary Shelley lived a literary life. 2007. [136], Shelley continued to practice her mother's feminist principles by extending aid to women whom society disapproved of. But security was short-lived, as Pierre was killed suddenly in 1906 when he was run over by a horse-drawn carriage on a Paris street. "Perhaps a corpse would be re-animated", Mary noted; "galvanism had given token of such things". Explain the overarching concept of geospatial . [40] Percy Shelley sometimes left home for short periods to dodge creditors. In 1822, her husband drowned when his sailing boat sank during a storm near Viareggio. [104] To deal with her grief, Shelley wrote the novella The Fields of Fancy, which became Matilda, dealing with a young woman whose beauty inspired incestuous love in her father, who ultimately commits suicide to stop himself from acting on his passion for his daughter, while she spends the rest of her life full of despair about "the unnatural love I had inspired". [250], Evading Sir Timothy's ban on a biography, Mary Shelley often included in these editions her own annotations and reflections on her husband's life and work. This provided the basis for modern-day cancer radiation treatment, though it took another decadeand Curie's discovery of a means of measuring radioactivitybefore she started research into the treatment of cancer at what is now known as the Institut Curie. Medwin is the source for the theory that the child registered by Percy Shelley in Naples was his daughter by a mystery woman. Seymour, 55; Carlson, 245; "Appendix 2: 'Mounseer Nongtongpaw': Verses formerly attributed to Mary Shelley". [43] Shelley greatly offended Godwin at one point when during a walk in the French countryside he suggested that they both take the plunge into a stream naked as it offended her principles. She is also known as the first female professor at the University of Paris. However, because the Memoirs revealed Wollstonecraft's affairs and her illegitimate child, they were seen as shocking. [11] He continued to borrow to pay off earlier loans, compounding his problems. Quoted in Wolfson, "Mary Shelley, editor" (CC), 205. 60 (60): 910. [274], From Frankenstein's first theatrical adaptation in 1823 to the cinematic adaptations of the 20th century, including the first cinematic version in 1910 and now-famous versions such as James Whale's 1931 Frankenstein, Mel Brooks' satirical 1974 Young Frankenstein, and Kenneth Branagh's 1994 Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, many audiences first encounter the work of Mary Shelley through adaptation.
Women in Science | History, Achievements, & Facts | Britannica Marie Skodowska Curie (18671934) was a Polish-French physicist and chemist whose research on radioactivity (a term that she coined) contributed to a fundamental shift in scientific understanding. Arnoldo Pencliffe Watson Hutton (20.8.1886-29.7.1951), popularly known as "El Fantstico", was the son of Scotsman Alexander (Alejandro) Watson Hutton, who was a football pioneer and is considered the father of Argentine football. To avoid confusion, this article calls her "Claire" throughout. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. She also felt ostracised by those who, like Sir Timothy, still disapproved of her relationship with Percy Bysshe Shelley. The History of Statistics: The Measurement of Uncertainty before 1900. Belknap Press/Harvard University Press. [35] As they travelled, Mary and Percy read works by Mary Wollstonecraft and others, kept a joint journal, and continued their own writing. noun a female parent. For thine own sake I cannot follow thee "[214] This vision allowed women to participate in the public sphere but it inherited the inequalities inherent in the bourgeois family.
Who is the mother of modern science? - Quora Artmann, Benno (1999).
The First Church of Christ, Scientist - Wikipedia [193] However, Falkner is the only one of Mary Shelley's novels in which the heroine's agenda triumphs. He was the first to perform systematic research on the effects of certain foods on lifespan and healthspan, developed the concept of probiotic diet that promotes long healthy life. Euclid: The Creation of Mathematics. Cell, and iScience. Is sociology a social science? Ellen Swallow Richards is the mother of family and consumer sciences. [109] All was not well between the couple that summer, however, and Percy spent more time with Jane Williams than with his depressed and debilitated wife. Claire's first name was "Jane", but from 1814 (see Gittings and Manton, 22) she preferred to be called "Claire" (her second name was "Clara"), which is how she is known to history. They also explore the sublimity of Lake Geneva and Mont Blanc as well as the revolutionary legacy of the philosopher and novelist Jean-Jacques Rousseau. mother superior. After the war, her daughter Irene joined Marie Curie as an assistant at the laboratory. [citation needed], Mary Shelley's last years were blighted by illness. Scholars have shown increasing interest in her literary output, particularly in her novels, which include the historical novels Valperga (1823) and Perkin Warbeck (1830), the apocalyptic novel The Last Man (1826) and her final two novels, Lodore (1835) and Falkner (1837). Bunnell, 132; Lynch, "Historical novelist" (CC), 14344; see also Lew, "God's Sister" (OMS), 16465. [186] As Mellor explains, Shelley uses the Gothic style not only to explore repressed female sexual desire[187] but also as way to "censor her own speech in Frankenstein". Marie Curie's health was declining seriously by the end of the 1920s. These traits are not portrayed positively; as Blumberg writes, "his relentless ambition is a self-delusion, clothed as quest for truth". With his Mammoth WVH project, he has spent the first part of the year on tour with Alter Bridge and is currently opening for Metallica on the . 2007-08-24 <. Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley (UK: /wlstnkrft/; neGodwin; 30 August 1797 1 February 1851) was an English novelist who wrote the Gothic novel Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus (1818), which is considered an early example of science fiction and one of her best-known works. A. Singh and D. Sarangi (2003). After she restored them in the second edition, Moxon was prosecuted and convicted of blasphemous libel, though the prosecution was brought out of principle by the Chartist publisher Henry Hetherington, and no punishment was sought. She was the first woman awarded a Ph.D. in research science in Europeand the first woman professor at the Sorbonne.
Church officers - Christian Science In researching this post, I found that out of the dozens or hundreds of acclaimed "founding" scientists, only a handful were women. She also edited and promoted the works of her husband, the Romantic poet and philosopher . a mother-in-law, stepmother, or adoptive mother. [277] Shelley's conception of herself as an author has also been recognised; after Percy's death, she wrote of her authorial ambitions: "I think that I can maintain myself, and there is something inspiriting in the idea. iUniverse, p. 155. Hofkosh, "Disfiguring Economies" (OMS), 207, 213. These formed part of Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia, one of the best of many such series produced in the 1820s and 1830s in response to growing middle-class demand for self-education. Retrieved 2013-08-21. The Nobel Prize committee reportedly first considered giving the award to Pierre Curie and Henry Becquerel, and Pierre worked behind the scenes to ensure that Marie Curie won appropriate recognition by being included. [49] On 6 March, she wrote to Hogg: My dearest Hogg my baby is deadwill you come to see me as soon as you can. Trelawny, Byron, and Hunt cremated Percy Shelley's corpse on the beach at Viareggio. [117], "[Frankenstein] is the most wonderful work to have been written at twenty years of age that I ever heard of. Such people are generally regarded to have made the first significant contributions to and/or delineation of that field; they may also be seen as "a" rather than "the" father or mother of the field. "It delighted the heart of our old friend Bernarr Macfadden, 'the Father of Physical Culture,' when we told him how much athletic activity and good sportsmanship had to do with the rehabilitation of boys. Isolating the very small amounts of the new elements took years of work. And, most fortunately, you have pursued a course of reading and cultivated your mind in a manner the most admirably adapted to make you a great and successful author. The goals and objectives of this chapter are to: Recognize the history and evolution of the geographic profession.
Mother Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com Either before or during the journey, she had become pregnant. Marie Curie was born in Warsaw, the youngest of five children. News By Brandon Specktor published 28 October 2019 Today it's a desert. She was in fact challenging the political and literary influences of her circle in her first work. Her desire of knowledge is great, and her perseverance in everything she undertakes almost invincible. "We need to think and act". [276] In recent decades, the republication of almost all her writing has stimulated a new recognition of its value. (2003) "The resuscitation greats. Fisch, Audrey A., Anne K. Mellor, and Esther H. Schorr, eds. Role-model level: A+. Henrietta Leavitt (mother)[135] [243] Shelley emphasises domesticity, romance, family, sympathy, and compassion in the lives of her subjects. Monsignor Lematre is considered "the Father of the Big Bang" and the first to derive what is now known as Hubble's law. According to Bieri, Medwin claimed to possess evidence relating to Naples. Because of his experimental scientific methodologies, he is called the Father of Modern Astronomy, the Father of Modern Physics, and the Father of Science. Blumberg, 47; see also 8687 for a similar discussion of Castruccio in. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. [177] Ellen Moers was one of the first to claim that Shelley's loss of a baby was a crucial influence on the writing of Frankenstein. "[116] She and Jane Williams rushed desperately to Livorno and then to Pisa in the fading hope that their husbands were still alive. She is most famous for her work on the theory of relativity. In Paris, Marie Curie enrolled at the Sorbonne. "[247] However, her father-in-law, Sir Timothy Shelley, effectively banned her from doing so. Encyclopdia Britannica. Marie was given a small salary and a title as Chief of the Laboratory. "Ferdinand Cohn, a Founder of Modern Microbiology". Her day involves diligent research, too many phone calls for an introvert, and asking scientists if they have any audio of that narwhal heartbeat. According to Jane Shelley, Mary Shelley had asked to be buried with her mother and father; but Percy and Jane, judging the graveyard at St Pancras to be "dreadful", chose to bury her instead at St Peter's Church, Bournemouth, near their new home at Boscombe. [275] Over the course of the 19th century, Mary Shelley came to be seen as a one-novel author at best, rather than as the professional writer she was; most of her works have remained out of print until the last thirty years, obstructing a larger view of her achievement. the. Mother Jones needs your help. On 23 July 1823, she left Genoa for England and stayed with her father and stepmother in the Strand until a small advance from her father-in-law enabled her to lodge nearby. [99][note 11] Mary Shelley insisted she would have known if Claire had been pregnant, but it is unclear how much she really knew. Her book, Notes on Nursing, is still in print today. Lists of people considered founders by specific groups, List of people considered father or mother of a scientific field, A name suggested in 1802 by the German naturalist. Bell, E.T. After graduating with high honors in her early schooling, Marie Curie found herself, as a woman, without options in Poland for higher education. William St Clair, in his biography of the Godwins and the Shelleys, notes that "it is easy to forget in reading of these crises [in the lives of the Godwins and the Shelleys] how unrepresentative the references in surviving documents may be. After a decade of working together, Lovelace translated an article about the Engine into English, supplementing her translations with a series of notes documenting her own thoughtsnotes that were three times more extensive than the original work she was translating. [125] She also met the American actor John Howard Payne and the American writer Washington Irving, who intrigued her. Thomas Aquinas considered theology a science because it encounters special and general revelation. Andreas Vesalius, the concept of an artificial airway." JHU Press. [20] Mary Godwin revelled in the spacious surroundings of Baxter's house and in the companionship of his four daughters, and she returned north in the summer of 1813 for a further stay of 10 months. It was beneath the trees of the grounds belonging to our house, or on the bleak sides of the woodless mountains near, that my true compositions, the airy flights of my imagination, were born and fostered. [195], Frankenstein, like much Gothic fiction of the period, mixes a visceral and alienating subject matter with speculative and thought-provoking themes.
[67], While her husband Percy encouraged her writing, the extent of Percy's contribution to the novel is unknown and has been argued over by readers and critics. Curie discovered and isolated polonium and radium, and established the nature of radiation and beta rays. [228] The letters the couple wrote on the second journey confront the "great and extraordinary events" of the final defeat of Napoleon at Waterloo after his "Hundred Days" return in 1815. She wrote the novels The Fortunes of Perkin Warbeck (1830), Lodore (1835), and Falkner (1837). [173] Introducing women into the story who are not part of the historical record, Shelley uses their narratives to question established theological and political institutions. After receiving her advanced degree, she focused on sanitary chemistry, which involved testing the pollution levels of water, air, and food. Began the first systematic exploration of cave systems and promoted speleology as a field separate from geology. Spark, 4146; Seymour, 12627; Sunstein, 9899. Victor Frankenstein's "thoughtless rejection of family", for example, is seen as evidence of Shelley's constant concern for the domestic. Lewis, Jone Johnson. [165] Some modern critics, such as Patricia Clemit and Jane Blumberg, have taken the same view, resisting autobiographical readings of Mary Shelley's works. Reflecting on the changes they have witnessed in JEP, Dixie pointed out the growing emphasis on group discussions and addressing broader social issues within the classrooms. Wolfson, "Mary Shelley, editor" (CC), 193. Biography of Pierre Curie, Influential French Physicist, Chemist, Nobel Laureate, Most Influential Scientists of the 20th Century, Women in Chemistry - Famous Female Chemists, Get to Know These 91 Famous Female Scientists, Chien-Shiung Wu: A Pioneering Female Physicist, Henri Becquerel and the Serendipitous Discovery of Radioactivity, Famous Mothers in History: Ancient Through Modern, appointed director of the Marie Curie Laboratory, M.Div., Meadville/Lombard Theological School. "John Edwards Holbrook, father of American herpetology". The amount of amazing discoveries Marie Curie made in her lifetime is just staggering. [127], In 1827, Mary Shelley was party to a scheme that enabled her friend Isabel Robinson and Isabel's lover, Mary Diana Dods, who wrote under the name David Lyndsay, to embark on a life together in France as husband and wife. Our fiscal year ends today, and we still need $60,000 in online donations to get to break-even , or a lot closer. [93] Since Mary Shelley shared his belief in the non-exclusivity of marriage, she formed emotional ties of her own among the men and women of their circle. After being deployed overseas with 38 nurses under her command, she found herself tending to patients in less-than-sanitary conditions; roughly ten times more soldiers died from illnesses (e.g., typhus, dysentery, cholera) than from battle wounds, and in justone winter over 4,000 soldiers had died. a term of address for a female parent or a woman having or regarded as having the status, function, or authority of a female parent. This Mother's Day, Ill be celebrating my favorite role model of all, my own mom. [227] The perspective of the History is philosophical and reformist rather than that of a conventional travelogue; in particular, it addresses the effects of politics and war on France. "[252] It was this goal, argues Blumberg, that led her to present Percy's work to the public in the "most popular form possible". "Erik Acharius, the father of lichenology", The first to microscopically observe micro-organisms in water and the first to see. Actually, philosophy called the "queen of the sciences", since the subject of its study are all other disciplines. Together with her stepsister, Claire Clairmont, she and Percy left for France and travelled through Europe. [1937] (1986). Sunstein, 7075; Seymour, 88; St. Clair, 32935. Prescribed professional practices for physicians through the, "Justus Von Liebig, the 'father of modern nutrition', developed the perfect infant food. He was a teacher, philosopher, astronomer, and physicist known to be an important part of the scientific revolution. Answer (1 of 2): The mother of modern science is Maria Sklodowska Curie, the Polish scientists.
Who was father of science fiction? - TeachersCollegesj What is your view. Experimental, scientific approach to surgery. Jump, Harriet Devine, Pamela Clemit, and Betty T. Bennett, eds. I can barely write a computer program nowadays, and she wrote one before computers were even a thing. [199], Mary Shelley believed in the Enlightenment idea that people could improve society through the responsible exercise of political power, but she feared that the irresponsible exercise of power would lead to chaos. [261] According to Wolfson, Donald Reiman, a modern editor of Percy Bysshe Shelley's works, still refers to Mary Shelley's editions, while acknowledging that her editing style belongs "to an age of editing when the aim was not to establish accurate texts and scholarly apparatus but to present a full record of a writer's career for the general reader". [236], Between 1832 and 1839, Mary Shelley wrote many biographies of notable Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, and French men and a few women for Dionysius Lardner's Lives of the Most Eminent Literary and Scientific Men. Marie Curie was the first truly famous woman scientist in the modern world. (For more on women in science, check out the great posts my colleagues write over at The Female Scientist.). "History of Plastic Surgery in India", Pare, Ambroise." The threat of a debtor's prison, combined with their ill health and fears of losing custody of their children, contributed to the couple's decision to leave England for Italy on 12 March 1818, taking Claire Clairmont and Alba with them. In 1924, she published her biography of her husband. [126] Payne accepted the rejection and tried without success to talk his friend Irving into proposing himself. Wolfson, "Mary Shelley, editor" (CC), 199; Spark, 130. "John Edwards Holbrook was considered by many to be the Father of Herpetology. Martinus Willem Beijerinck (18511931): pioneer of general. [231] Between observations on scenery, culture, and "the people, especially in a political point of view",[232] she uses the travelogue form to explore her roles as a widow and mother and to reflect on revolutionary nationalism in Italy. In her novel 'The Last Man, she later imagined Windsor as a Garden of Eden. [254] As Mary Favret writes, "the disembodied Percy identifies the spirit of poetry itself". She won Nobel Prizes in1903 (Physics) and 1911 (Chemistry) and was the first woman to be awarded a Nobel Prize, and the first person to win Nobel Prizes in two different scientific disciplines. Described the side-chain theory of antibody formation and the mechanisms of how antibodies neutralize toxins and induce bacterial lysis with the help of complement. Five men, including one teenager, have been declared dead days after they left for a voyage in a 22-foot submersible to see the wreckage of the Titanic in the North Atlantic Ocean. 28, no. [68] Mary Shelley wrote, "I certainly did not owe the suggestion of one incident, nor scarcely of one train of feeling, to my husband, and yet but for his incitement, it would never have taken the form in which it was presented to the world."
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