The Novelist Whose Inventions Went Too Far. By the late nineties, Kentler had stopped seeing Henkels foster sons, or involving himself in their upbringing. Her university contract had not been renewed, and she blamed the premature end of her academic career in part on her decision to research Kentler. Marco drove to a clinic in Brandenburg where hed heard that Henkel was in hospice, dying of cancer. Perhaps the Germans will continue a unique historical experiment, trying to become a growing international power without significant military effort. Marco spent all of his free time in his room, on an Amiga computer, playing SimCity and Mega-Lo-Mania. He walked back to his car and drove home. The boy was driven insane from the torture. I immediately said, Not for political purposes, only because I want help.. Funded and supervised by the Berlin Senate, the center was established, in 1965, to make Berlin an international leader in reforming educational practices. Its very hard to describe, but I was never raised to think critically about anything, he said. People have different tastes in food, the way some people have different tastes in sexuality. If Svens bedroom door was open and he wasnt there, Marco knew what was happening, but the two boys never talked about what Henkel did to them. Lewisite), which inflicted severe chemical burns. He had tried to Google his brother once, but he considered the idea of a reunion to be a waste of emotional resources that he could devote to his children. The lead caseworker, who retired after working for the office for more than forty years, exercised his right to remain silent when the police contacted him. An SS doctor was quoted saying that "Jews were the festering appendix in the body of Europe." But the therapist said that Henkel was holding Marco prisonerHenkel always sat close by, in an adjacent room. German Language Lessons & Stories: The German Project. A few days before my visit, the Berlin Senate had announced that it would commission scholars at the University of Hildesheim, who had published the preliminary report in 2020, to do a follow-up report about pedophile-run foster homes in other parts of Germany. Most died in the experiments, whilst others survived, experiencing great pain and suffering. She referred the boys to another therapist. Meanwhile, Steinhoff and Tarek stay behind in order to prevent Berus from coming after them. If one twin died from experimentation, the second twin would be brought in to be killed at the same time. [37] Some male Jewish prisoners had poisonous substances scrubbed or injected into their skin, causing boils filled with black fluid to form. Friends and colleagues of Kentler, who had died in 2008, told Nentwig that they didnt want to talk. Subjects were given a Polygal tablet, shot through the neck or chest, or had their limbs amputated without anesthesia. [9], Intravenous injections of solutions speculated to contain iodine and silver nitrate were successful, but had unwanted side effects such as vaginal bleeding, severe abdominal pain, and cervical cancer. Later, he noted that Ulrichs advantage was that he was handsome and that he enjoyed sex; so he could give something back to pedophile men who looked after him.. They were thin, almost nonexistent, a trait that Marco had always found repellent. Marco remembers that, once, after a session began without Henkels realizing it, he barged into the room and hit the therapist in the face. Check out our and our children's stories in German (Good for adults too!) But, in a 2020 report commissioned by the Berlin Senate, scholars at the University of Hildesheim concluded that the Senate also ran foster homes or shared flats for young Berliners with pedophile men in other parts of West Germany. The fifty-eight-page report was preliminary and vague; the authors said there were about a thousand unsorted files in the basement of a government building that they had been unable to read. [3] According to Karen Durbin of the New York Times, the movie can be seen as an allegory for the rise of authoritarian governments such as the Nazi regime. Experimente machen or anstellen to carry out or do experiments. The women who stood against him and his experiments or were deemed as unfit test subjects were sent to be killed in the gas chambers. Fifty years ago Stanley Milgram published the first report of his studies of obedience to authority. When the Berlin Senate commissioned him to prepare an expert report on the subject of Homosexuals as caregivers and educators, in 1988, he explained that there was no need to worry that children would be harmed by sexual contact with caretakers, as long as the interaction was not forced. The consequences can be very positive, especially when the sexual relationship can be characterized as mutual love, he wrote. When Marco was eleven years old, a new foster son, Marcel Kramer, moved in. Yet one corner of the house was tidy and purposeful. Henkel seems to be ideally suited to this difficult task, doctors from a clinic at the Free University of Berlin wrote. Intercultural communication; Problem-solving; Adaptability; Relationship-building The Russian Sleep Experiment is a creepypasta which tells the tale of 5 test subjects being exposed to an experimental sleep-inhibiting stimulant in a Soviet-era scientific experiment, which has become the basis of an urban legend. Marco was more defiant, but at night, when Henkel came into his room asking to cuddle, or waited for him while he brushed his teeth before bed, he had to comply. The prisoners are being abused and their self-esteem is drastically decreased by the guards' power. Suddenly, the blockage disappeared, he said. ESA uses the Zarm drop tower in Bremen, Germany. In a report to the youth-welfare office, Henkel noted that Marco was excited about almost everything that was offered to him.. Rascher had some of the victims completely underwater and others only submerged up to the head. This caused the blood cells to congeal, and the blood was studied. Marco drove to Henkels old property and walked toward the house. She no longer knows what to do. The next day, Henkel called the youth-welfare office and said that he would support Marco in demonstrating his rejection of his mother.. [37] Some female prisoners of Block 10 were also subject to electroshock therapy. He skipped class and rarely did his homework. He was particularly interested in experimenting on women from age twenty to forty who had already given birth. Those who survived remained permanently disfigured. Do you know people who have no lips? Marco said. Now he was thirty-four, with a one-year-old daughter, and her meals and naps structured his days. The poisons were secretly administered to experimental subjects in their food. In photographs from the nineties, the place is a mess: a plastic bag and half-eaten bread lie on the table; outside the house, an old toaster oven, with a badminton birdie lying next to it, rests on a decaying dresser. Though Kentler had never met Marcos dad, he characterized him as authoritarian, abusive, and macho. ", "Documents Regarding Nazi Medical Experiments", "Nuremberg - Document Viewer - Letter to Sigmund Rascher concerning the high altitude experiments", "The Ethics of Using Medical Data From Nazi Experiments", "Nuremberg - Document Viewer - Affidavit concerning the seawater experiments", "Introduction to NMT Case 1: U.S.A. v. Karl Brandt et al", "Dark Chapter of American History: U.S. Court Battle Over Forced Sterilization", "Remember Us: My Journey from the Shtetl through the Holocaust", "Experimental infections in humanshistorical and ethical reflections", "Nuremberg - Document Viewer - Affidavit concerning the management of the medical experiments program by the SS", "Nuremberg - Document Viewer - Letter to Erhard Milch concerning the high altitude and freezing experiments", "Mengele's Children The Twins of Auschwitz", "Informed consent in human experimentation before the Nuremberg code", "Regulations and Ethical Guidelines: Reprinted from, Deadly Medicine: Creating the Master Race, Jewish Virtual Library: Medical Experiments Table of Contents, Citations of shame; scientists are still trading on Nazi atrocities, Citing Nazi 'Research': To Do So Without Condemnation Is Not Defensible, The Ethics Of Using Medical Data From Nazi Experiments, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nazi_human_experimentation&oldid=1162084346. [25] In a letter from 5 April 1942 between Rascher and Heinrich Himmler, Rascher explains the results of a low-pressure experiment that was performed on people at Dachau Concentration camp in which the victim was suffocated while Rascher and another unnamed doctor took note of his reactions. By Ross Pomeroy. Many subjects died in this process. Tarek (prisoner number 77) initially refuses to acknowledge the guards' superiority by drinking the milk of one of his co-prisoners because of that prisoner's lactose intolerance, or by throwing his blanket out of his cell to provoke the guards. To revisit this article, select My Account, thenView saved stories, To revisit this article, visit My Profile, then View saved stories, In 2017, a German man who goes by the name Marco came across an article in a Berlin newspaper with a photograph of a professor he recognized from childhood. The boy gives the (false) impression of strength and superiority, Kentler wrote, and was already molding himself in his fathers image; he was addicted to being the big man., Kentlers career was framed by his belief in the damage wrought by dominant fathers. One night, Marco took a knife from the kitchen and slept with it under his pillow. Marco wore a flowery button-up Hawaiian shirt and had not shaved in a few days. I thought Henkel was a ghost who was following me, haunting me. Das Experiment (English: The Experiment) is a 2001 German drama thriller film directed by Oliver Hirschbiegel. The experiments carried out by Mengele in Auschwitz were funded by a grant from the German Research Council awarded to Verschuer, and any material taken from the victims, including human eyes, heads, and blood samples, were sent to the Kaiser Willhelm Institute in Berlin, headed by Verschuer himself. We've also got reviews of German courses if you're ready to get serious. Marco opened the door to Henkels room. Two other foster sons lived there, a sixteen-year-old and a twenty-four-year-old, neither of whom was particularly friendly to Marco. I didnt even know that you need to pay for the electricity that comes out of a socket. He woke up several times in the middle of the night, a habit from his time caring for Marcel Kramer. In the late sixties, educators in more than thirty German cities and towns began establishing experimental day-care centers, where children were encouraged to be naked and to explore one anothers bodies. He describes how the victim then lay unconscious, breathing only three times per minute, until he stopped breathing 30 minutes after being deprived of oxygen. The Experiment - Wikipedia The boys preferred to keep their abuse private, she said, because they didnt want to lose the positives of Kentlers carethat they had enough to eat and that they were taken care of and things like that. Kentlers experiment seemed to rest on the idea that some children are fundamentally second class, their outlook so compromised that any kind of love is a gift, a proposition that his colleagues apparently accepted, too. How could this happen? Kamiska describes being told that she had been operated on simply because she was a "young girl and a Polish patriot". Despite Neisser's support from most of the academic community, public opinion, led by psychiatrist Albert Moll, was against Neisser. Marco and Schweer sat in chairs beside the bed, and they did not appear to have a particularly familiar rapport. Thats when I got the feeling that the AfD just wants to use me, to play me up. They will subordinate themselves like automata. They become oblivious of their own needs and identify themselves with the aggressor.. The period of being shaped by my mother is over., At the end of my visit, Marcos wedding ring arrived in the mail. The film ends with a news break, confirming two deaths (Schtte and Eckert) and three severely injured (Thon, Berus, and Bosch). I just wanted to end the whole thing, to have this chapter closed, he said. There were 360 to 400 experiments and 280 to 300 victims, indicating that some victims suffered more than one experiment. The fleeing prisoners are ambushed by the guards and trapped. In a photograph taken during one of their visits, Kentler wears a white button-up shirt with a pen in the pocket, and Marco sits at a dining-room table beside him, looking bored and dazed. But Sven seemed unable to process the information. When Marco turned eighteen, he was legally free to leave Henkels home, but it didnt occur to him to move out. After a car accident he suffers shortly before the experiment, Tarek meets a woman called Dora. Perhaps the politicians were receptive because the project seemed to be the opposite of the Nazis reproductive experiments, with their rigid emphasis on propagating certain kinds of families, or perhaps they were unconcerned because, in their opinion, the boys were already lost. It was definitely him: he was trying to apologize., Henkel died the next day. The judge asked to speak privately with Marco, but Henkel stood directly outside the room and said, If you are being threatened, call out! Marco sounded as if he had been coached. where the price of a man's life is equal to his ability to survive. I didnt know how the world functioned, he told me. (Dsirat said that she eventually broke off contact with Kentler, concluding that his behavior had been creepy.). He was a lively child who occasionally wandered around his Berlin neighborhood unsupervised. to do an experiment einen Versuch or ein Experiment machen. On both sides, one person is considered dominant. [19], "I don't want to have to use the Nazi data, but there is no other and will be no other in an ethical world not to use it would be equally bad. German translation of 'experiment' - Collins Online Dictionary I dont want to get pulled into an election campaign. He dropped his lawsuit and accepted the Senates offer. But in 1991 he seemed to rethink his opinion, after his youngest adopted son, the one he praised in the letter to Schmidt, committed suicide. This is a case of political importance, which also requires political action, he said. Marco was impressed by Henkels apartment. They gave the women abdomen X-rays, men received them on their genitalia, for abnormal periods of time in attempt to invoke infertility. Emma shrieked with joy, but Marco held the ring in his hand dispassionately and joked that he had to marry eventually, so he might as well do it now. The 146 m-tall concrete tower is a landmark on the Bremen University campus. It becomes clear that limits are not only being reached, but being surpassed when the guards kidnap Tarek from his cell late in the night, order him to strip fully naked, shave his head bald and urinate on him. Mr. However, there is no evidence that Stieve ever studied sperm migration, a subject not mentioned in his papers. Dahl M. [Selection and destruction-treatment of "unworthy-to-live" children in the Third Reich and the role of child and adolescent psychiatry], Prax Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiatr 2001;50:170-91. The scientists engage in a discussion whether or not to abort the experiment. (Chem, Phys, fig) Versuch m , Experiment nt. She describes how her leg oozed pus for months after the operations. Typically, the experiments were conducted without anesthesia and resulted in death, trauma, disfigurement, mutilation, or permanent disability, and as such are considered examples of medical torture. Five-foot hedges now surrounded it. Stieve specifically focused on the reproductive system of women. At night, he locked the door to the kitchen so that Marco couldnt eat. . Thousands of victims were sterilized. In 1977, the sociologist Klaus Theweleit published Male Fantasies, a two-volume book that drew on the diaries of German paramilitary fighters and concluded that their inhibited drivesalong with a fear of anything gooey, gushing, or smellyhad been channelled into a new outlet: destruction. I never again obeyed him and I felt terribly alone.. Sigmund Rascher, an SS doctor based at Dachau, reported directly to Reichsfhrer-SS Heinrich Himmler and publicised the results of his freezing experiments at the 1942 medical conference entitled "Medical Problems Arising from Sea and Winter". Starting in the 1970s psychology professor Helmut Kentler conducted his "experiment." Homeless children in West Berlin were intentionally placed with pedophile men. 37 The first human experiment in a German concentration camp took place in Dachau in 1939, when Sigmund Rascher (1909-1945), with Himmler's permission, investigated the link between cancer and artificial fertilizer using blood samples from prisoners (taken without their . Das Experiment premiered on 7 March 2001 in Berlin and was released with a theatrical release in Germany one day later. Big Brother with a body count would be one way of describing Oliver Hirschbiegel's taut thriller, set in a . He had a long, wizard-like beard and looked to Marco as if he were possessed. The criminal investigation was suspended. The Milgram Experiment: Summary, Conclusion, Ethics - ThoughtCo Germany to give people 1,000 a month in basic income experiment Other benefits claimed for basic income schemes are that they would simplify welfare payments, and help people adjust to the. We looked after and advised these relationships very intensively, he said. When Henkel approached his bed and discovered the blade, he withdrew quickly, called Helmut Kentler, then handed the phone to Marco. Marco tends to credit his appearance for the pivotal events of his life: he believes his looks were the reason that Henkel chose himmany of Henkels sons had dark hair and eyesand, twenty years later, the explanation for his first serious relationship. Dark matter search advances with a novel experiment The next time was in 2015, when Emma was pregnant with their first child. The circumstances seem to be escalating after only a few days. He was not seriously injured, but the accident attracted the attention of the Schneberg youth-welfare office, which is run by the Berlin state government. I tried to re-raise myself.. Some object to the data's use purely on ethical grounds, disagreeing with the methods used to obtain it, while others have rejected the research only on scientific grounds, criticizing methodological inconsistencies. He had changed his last name to Henkel, and taken on a new German first name as well. (His greed when eating was noticeable, Henkel once wrote.) Inside, Marco listened to meditative lounge music and drank water from the largest coffee mug Ive ever seen. I managed to get the Senate officer responsible to approve it, he wrote in Borrowed Fathers, Children Need Fathers. Kentler found several other pedophiles who lived nearby, and he helped them set up foster homes, too. Law for the Prevention of Genetically Defective Progeny, United States Environmental Protection Agency, List of Nazi doctors who conducted human experiments, List of medical eponyms with Nazi associations, Epidemic Prevention and Water Purification Department, Unethical human experimentation in the United States, "The victims of unethical human experiments and coerced research under National Socialism", "Nazi 'Doctor Death' found refuge in Cairo, died in 1992", "The Doctors Trial: The Medical Case of the Subsequent Nuremberg Proceedings", "Women's Concentration Camp Medical Experiment Victims", "Nuremberg - Document Viewer - Deposition concerning medical experiments at Ravensbrueck [bone/muscle/nerve experiments]", Josef Mengele and Experimentation on Human Twins at Auschwitz, "The Nazi Hypothermia Experiments: Forbidden Data? Das Experiment (English: The Experiment) is a 2001 German drama thriller film directed by Oliver Hirschbiegel. What Mr. Henkel needs from the authorities is trust and protection.. I sat around in front of the computer.. It didnt go quite toward criminal actions, but there was a destructiveness, a lack of empathy. When he was twenty-six, he was on a train in Berlin and noticed three men staring at him. History seemed to be looping back on itself. Changes in Vegetation Types and Ellenberg Indicator Values after 65 It is based on Mario Giordano's novel Black Box and deals with a social experiment which resembles Philip Zimbardo's Stanford prison experiment of 1971. [51] Other test subjects were left with permanent disabilities. He also hit Marco. Tschofenig explained how while working at the medical experimentation stations he gained insight into some of the experiments that were performed on prisoners, namely those in which they were forced to drink salt water. He found solace in the book Corydon, by Andr Gide, a series of Socratic dialogues about the naturalness of queer love. Marcos father, a Palestinian refugee, had divorced her. It was a longer conversation, during which my father became ever quieter, and ultimately he timidly hung up the receiver, stood there like he had collapsed and quietly said to my mother, who had been standing next to him for some time: Theyre going after the Jews!. He shut the door. For years, Marco tolerated Henkel, but, as he began going through puberty, he said, I started to hate him. He spent an hour each day lifting weights, so that he would be strong enough to defend himself. Writing for Jewish Law, Baruch Cohen concluded that the EPA's "knee-jerk reaction" to reject the data's use was "typical, but unprofessional", arguing that it could have saved lives. [17], The issue of informed consent had previously been controversial in German medicine in 1900, when Albert Neisser infected patients (mainly prostitutes) with syphilis without their consent. And I said, I dont want to be a political tool. He just walked away. The law was used to encourage growth of the Aryan race through the sterilization of persons who fell under the quota of being genetically defective. An experiment, first devised 30 years ago, has now commenced in Germany to try to spot axions. Henkel encouraged him to misbehave, rewarding him with computer games if he spat, talked out of turn, or overturned chairs. They no longer loved me, he wrote. But he had never properly mourned him. Marcos mother lost her plea for more access to her son. [21] "One assistant later testified that some victims were thrown into boiling water for rewarming. The two boys took on different roles in their new family. In the 1960s, psychologist Stanley Milgram conducted a series of studies on the concepts of obedience and authority. An example included how a hypothermic victim was placed between two naked Romani women. The Party was recently investigated by Germanys domestic-intelligence agency for undermining democracy by, among other things, minimizing the crimes of the Nazis. ESA - Drop towers - European Space Agency I spoke with them via Zoom. He was playful and earnest and spoke poetically about his view of the afterlife. He said he wasnt hitting mehe was hitting the devil inside of me, Marco told me. In an effort to find ways to more effectively multiply the German race, Dr. Josef Mengele performed experiments on twins at Auschwitz in hopes of plumbing the secrets of multiple births. [19] Data obtained from the experiments, however, has been used and considered for use in multiple fields, often causing controversy. Marco and Sven lived as they had as adolescents: they spent the day on the computer or watching TV, rarely speaking to anyone. [8], Bruno Weber was the head of the Hygienic Institution at Block 10 in Auschwitz and injected his subjects with blood types that were differed from their own. Affecting Public Support for Economic Policies: Evidence from a Survey Experiment about Rent Control in Germany | @MathiasDolls, @SchuelePaul, Lisa Windsteiger #EconTwitter https://cesifo.org/en/publications/2023/working-paper/affecting-public-support-economic-policies-evidence-survey 29 Jun 2023 15:00:00 By Rachel Aviv July. It is based on Mario Giordano 's novel Black Box and deals with a social experiment which resembles Philip Zimbardo 's Stanford prison experiment of 1971. What the AfD is trying to do, to instrumentalize this crime for its own purposes, is unacceptable, a representative said. The Final Experiment Germany - Juno [35] 1% of citizens between the age of 17 to 24 had been sterilized within two years of the law passing. I had only one wish: that he should take my hand and hold it in his, Kentler wrote in a parenting magazine in 1983. There is no record of anyone responding. But he was delighted to discover an armoire in the hallway that held a cage with two rabbits that he could play with and feed. The house, which had only one room, was made from beige bricks and seemed to have been assembled too casuallyuneven globs of mortar filled each crack. She was visibly shaken and cried, the social worker wrote. After all those years, we had gotten out of the habit of thinking, Marco said. After subjects were frozen, they then underwent different methods for rewarming. At school, Marco had no close relationships. The experiment went on to be fictionalized in the 1981 after-school special The Wave, and a 2008 German film by the same name (Die Welle). He predicted that the preventive use of Polygal tablets would reduce bleeding from gunshot wounds sustained during combat or surgery. [33], Bone, muscle, and nerve transplantation experiments, CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFLifton1986 (, Letter from Rascher to Himmler, 17 Feb 1943 from, "Documents Regarding Nazi Medical Experiments". On Friday, over 300 people attended an experimental ChatGPT -powered church service at St. Paul's church in the Bavarian town of Frth, Germany, reports the Associated Press. manipulatable soul, he said at a lecture. In an interview with a German historian in 1992, Kentler spoke of his grief for his adopted son and said, Unfortunately I only read the Ferenczi essay after his death. He did not confess to abusing his son; instead, he said that the boy had been sexually abused by his birth mother. When Marco was nine, his mother petitioned a district judge in Berlin to allow her to spend more time with him. There was barely even clear space to walk. The 40-minute . After Teresa Nentwigs report on Kentler, in 2016, she planned to write her habilitation thesis, a requirement for a career in academia, on Kentlers life and work. Ive never experienced something like it. (Wei, the AfD representative, told me, I would have been surprised if she had said anything nice about us. He believes there is still a pedophile network in Germany, and that those connected to it use their political influence to make sure that the network remains under the radar.). If someone were to die in front of me, I would of course want to help them, but it wouldnt affect me emotionally, he told me. "[19][22], Beginning in August 1942, at the Dachau camp, prisoners were forced to sit in tanks of freezing water for up to three hours. The table of contents of a document from the Subsequent Nuremberg trials prosecution includes titles of the sections that document medical experiments revolving around: food, seawater, epidemic jaundice, sulfanilamide, blood coagulation and phlegmon. Mean annual precipitation is 811mm and mean annual temperature 6.9 C. The soil is an intermittently wet pseudogley. [10] In these experiments, subjects had their bones, muscles and nerves removed without anesthesia. The Law for the Prevention of Genetically Defective Progeny, which was passed on 14 July 1933, legalized the involuntary sterilization of persons with diseases claimed to be hereditary: weak-mindedness, schizophrenia, alcohol abuse, insanity, blindness, deafness, and physical deformities. My fathers authority was never based on his own accomplishment, but on the large institutions in which he snuck into, that rubbed off on him, Kentler wrote. Nazi Science The Dachau Hypothermia Experiments | NEJM He was asked to lead the department of social education at the Pedagogical Center, an international research institute in Berlin whose planning committee included Willy Brandt, who became the Chancellor of Germany (and won the Nobel Peace Prize), and JamesB. Conant, the first U.S. Updated 15 March 2002. It . These tests were conducted for the benefit of the German Armed Forces. [9], M.D. [58], In response, Drs. An early memory was of walking in the forest on a spring day and running to keep up with his father. She sent Marco and his older brother to day care in dirty clothes, and left them there for eleven hours. 5* Trustpilot rating, same-day despatch and huge range. He had nowhere to live. Henkel stopped trying to sexually molest Marco, but he became punitive. [62], Andrew Conway Ivy stated the Nazi experiments were of no medical value. The Third Wave (experiment) - Wikipedia The foster-care files contain only a brief note documenting Kramers death. I honestly had respect for it, he told Nentwig of the experiment. Over 5000 experiments have been dropped since its inauguration in 1990. Suddenly, it seemed as if all relationship structures couldand mustbe reconfigured, if there was any hope of producing a generation less damaged than the previous one.